Glochidion littoraleBlume

monkey apple

WFO wfo-0000973350 Accepted WFO 2026-06 3 photographs CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–c · 2 observations

This species has been photographed under an open licence only 2 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.

Glochidion littorale, photographed by Bernard DUPONT
fig. a Bernard DUPONT, CC BY 4.0 / 2007-03-06 / obs. 141928746

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 13 botanical countries

Regions where Glochidion littorale is native: Borneo, Cambodia, India, Jawa, Malaya, Maldives, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam, Caroline Is. BorneoCambodiaIndiaJawaMalayaPhilippinesSri LankaSulawesiSumateraThailandVietnam MaldivesCaroline Is.
Native distribution of Glochidion littorale, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Borneo BOR ASIA-TROPICAL
Cambodia CBD
India IND
Jawa JAW
Malaya MLY
Maldives MDV
Philippines PHI
Sri Lanka SRL
Sulawesi SUL
Sumatera SUM
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
Caroline Is. CRL PACIFIC

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 48 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 23.3 °C 24.2 °C 25.0 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 28.7 °C 29.4 °C 30.8 °C
Annual rainfall 2,314 mm 3,126 mm 4,645 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 304 mm 536 mm 688 mm

It is not found anywhere that gets close to freezing. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 48 research-grade observations of Glochidion littorale that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 7 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Agyneia impuber Benth.
  • Bradleia littorea (Blume) Steud.
  • Bradleia obtusa Wall.
  • Diasperus litoralis (Blume) Kuntze
  • Glochidion littorale var. caudatum Airy Shaw
  • Glochidion littorale var. culminicola Airy Shaw
  • Phyllanthus littoralis (Blume) Müll.Arg.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. USDA PLANTS Database. common name, checklist symbol GLLI4. public domain. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.