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Do not present one as the other." }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": true }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "uses": { "categories": [ "Medicines", "Human Food", "Materials", "Environmental Uses" ], "source": "Kew World Checklist of Useful Plant Species", "license": "CC-BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.5063/F1CV4G34", "synced": "2026-07-18", "note": "Categories in which this species is recorded as a useful plant. A record of use, not a recommendation, a dose or a safety claim." }, "phytochemistry": { "vintage": "1992-2016", "compounds": [ { "name": "Ginkgolide-b", "activities": [ "Antiaggregant", "Antiallergic", "Antianaphylactic", "Antiarrhythmic", "Antiasthmatic", "Antiischemic", "Antilipoperoxidant", "Antioxidant" ] }, { "name": "Bilobetin", "activities": [ "AntiEBV", "Antioxidant", "Antiviral" ] }, { "name": "Ginkgetin", "activities": [ "AntiHSV-1", "Antibradykinic", "Antibronchitic", "Antiedemic", "Antihistaminic", "Antiinflammatory", "Antioxidant", "Antispasmodic" ] }, { "name": "Ginkgolides", "activities": [ "Antiaggregant", "Antiallergic", "Antianaphylactic", "Antiasthmatic", "Antiendotoxic", "Antihypoxic", "Antiinflammatory", "Antiischemic" ] }, { "name": "Kaempferol-3-o-(3'-p-coumaroyl-glucosyl-beta(1-4)-rhamnoside)", "activities": [] }, { "name": "Quercetin-3-o-(6'''-p-coumaroyl-glucosyl-beta(1-4)rhamnoside)", "activities": [] }, { "name": "Bilobanone", "activities": [] }, { "name": "Rutin", "activities": [ "5-HT-Inhibitor", "Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor", "Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor", "Allelochemic", "AntiCVI", "Antiaggregant", "Antiallergic", "Antiapoplectic" ] }, { "name": "Quercetin-3-o-(alpha-rhamnosyl-(1-2)-alpha-rhamnosyl-(1-6))-beta-glucoside", "activities": [] }, { "name": "Bilobalide", "activities": [ "Antiaging", "Antialcoholic", "Antibacterial", "Anticonvulsant", "Antifeedant", "Antihypoxic", "Antiischemic", "Antioxidant" ] }, { "name": "Mannan", "activities": [] }, { "name": "Alpha-sesamin", "activities": [] } ], "source": "Dr. Duke's Phytochemical & Ethnobotanical Database", "license": "CC0", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1239279", "synced": "2026-07-18", "note": "A snapshot of the reported literature 1992-2016, not a current assay. An activity is attributed to the compound in that literature; it is not a claim about the plant." }, "conservation": { "iucn_category": "EN", "label": "Endangered", "threatened": true, "source": "IUCN Red List category via Wikidata (P141)", "license": "CC0 (Wikidata); IUCN category is a factual label", "source_url": "https://www.wikidata.org", "synced": "2026-07-18" }, "vernacular_names": { "by_language": [ { "language": "English", "language_code": "en", "names": [ "Ginkgo", "Maidenhair Tree" ] }, { "language": "Spanish", "language_code": "es", "names": [ "Ginkgo biloba" ] }, { "language": "Chinese", "language_code": "zh", "names": [ "银杏", "公孙树" ] }, { "language": "Arabic", "language_code": "ar", "names": [ "جنكة بيلوبا", "جنكو" ] }, { "language": "Portuguese", "language_code": "pt", "names": [ "Gincgo", "Guinco" ] }, { "language": "Russian", "language_code": "ru", "names": [ "Гинкго двулопастный", "Гинкго двухлопастный" ] }, { "language": "Japanese", "language_code": "ja", "names": [ "イチョウ", "ichō" ] }, { "language": "German", "language_code": "de", "names": [ "Ginkgo", "Ginkgobaum" ] }, { "language": "French", "language_code": "fr", "names": [ "Ginkgo biloba", "Abricotier d'argent" ] }, { "language": "Indonesian", "language_code": "id", "names": [ "Ginkgo biloba" ] }, { "language": "Italian", "language_code": "it", "names": [ "Ginkgo biloba", "Ginco" ] }, { "language": "Turkish", "language_code": "tr", "names": [ "mabet ağacı" ] }, { "language": "Korean", "language_code": "ko", "names": [ "은행나무", "eunhaengnamu" ] }, { "language": "Vietnamese", "language_code": "vi", "names": [ "Bạch quả" ] }, { "language": "Persian", "language_code": "fa", "names": [ "کهندار" ] }, { "language": "Dutch", "language_code": "nl", "names": [ "Japanse Notenboom", "Ginkgo" ] }, { "language": "Polish", "language_code": "pl", "names": [ "Miłorząb Dwuklapowy" ] }, { "language": "Ukrainian", "language_code": "uk", "names": [ "Гінкго дволопатеве", "Ґінкго дволопатеве" ] }, { "language": "Thai", "language_code": "th", "names": [ "แปะก๊วย" ] }, { "language": "Swedish", "language_code": "sv", "names": [ "Kinesiskt Tempelträd", "ginkgo" ] } ], "source": "Wikidata (P1843, CC0) + GBIF vernacular names", "license": "CC0 / per-source", "source_url": "https://www.wikidata.org", "synced": "2026-07-18" }, "interactions": { "by_type": [ { "type": "visitedBy", "label": "Visited by", "partners": [ "Bartheletia paradoxa", "Sphyrapicus" ] }, { "type": "eatenBy", "label": "Eaten by", "partners": [ "Homalodisca vitripennis", "Acharia stimulea", "Ascotis selenaria", "Bartheletia paradoxa", "Ectropis excellens", "Ganoderma australe", "Homalodisca ichthyocephala", "Hyalophora cecropia" ] }, { "type": "hasParasite", "label": "Parasites", "partners": [ "Bartheletia paradoxa", "Ganoderma australe" ] } ], "source": "Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)", "license": "CC-BY 4.0 (aggregate) / per-source", "source_url": "https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org", "synced": "2026-07-18", "note": "Species recorded interacting with this plant in the wild, aggregated across many source datasets by GloBI. Provenance is asserted at the GloBI aggregate level, not per partner, and partners are the most frequently recorded per interaction type." }, "growth_traits": { "characteristics": [ { "key": "growth_habit", "label": "Growth habit", "category": "Form and habit", "values": [ { "value": "tree", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "USDA PLANTS" }, { "source": "GIFT", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" }, { "source": "EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS", "license": "Public domain (U.S. Government work)" } ] } ] }, { "key": "woodiness", "label": "Woodiness", "category": "Form and habit", "values": [ { "value": "woody", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "GIFT", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" } ] } ] }, { "key": "life_form", "label": "Life form", "category": "Form and habit", "values": [ { "value": "phanerophyte", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "GIFT", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" } ] } ] }, { "key": "growth_form", "label": "Growth form", "category": "Form and habit", "values": [ { "value": "Single Stem", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "USDA PLANTS" } ] } ] }, { "key": "growth_rate", "label": "Growth rate", "category": "Form and habit", "values": [ { "value": "slow", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "USDA PLANTS" } ] } ] }, { "key": "height_m", "label": "Height", "category": "Size", "values": [ { "value": "24.4 m", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "USDA PLANTS" } ] }, { "value": "40 m", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "GIFT", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" } ] } ] }, { "key": "leaf_retention", "label": "Leaf retention", "category": "Foliage", "values": [ { "value": "deciduous", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "USDA PLANTS" } ] } ] }, { "key": "foliage_color", "label": "Foliage colour", "category": "Foliage", "values": [ { "value": "yellow-green", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "USDA PLANTS" } ] } ] }, { "key": "life_cycle", "label": "Life cycle", "category": "Life cycle", "values": [ { "value": "perennial", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "USDA PLANTS" }, { "source": "GIFT", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" }, { "source": "EOL TraitBank / USDA PLANTS", "license": "Public domain (U.S. Government work)" } ] } ] }, { "key": "flowering_months", "label": "Flowering months", "category": "Flowers and fruit", "values": [ { "value": "Apr-Feb", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "GIFT", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" } ] } ] }, { "key": "photosynthetic_pathway", "label": "Photosynthetic pathway", "category": "Physiology", "values": [ { "value": "C3", "extracted": false, "sources": [ { "source": "GIFT", "license": "CC-BY 4.0" } ] } ] } ], "sources": [ { "name": "USDA PLANTS Database", "license": "Public domain (US Government work)", "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/" }, { "name": "GIFT (Global Inventory of Floras and Traits)", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://gift.uni-goettingen.de/" }, { "name": "Wikidata structured plant traits", "license": "CC0 1.0", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/" }, { "name": "EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo)", "license": "Per record: CC0 / CC BY 4.0 / public domain only", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17315431" }, { "name": "Traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides", "license": "Public domain (US Government work)", "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/" } ], "source": "USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank (via Zenodo) and traits mined from USDA NRCS plant guides", "license": "per source (public domain, CC BY 4.0, CC0)", "source_url": "https://botanai.app/sources/", "synced": "2026-07-19", "note": "Structured growth characteristics merged from four open sources (USDA PLANTS, GIFT, Wikidata, EOL TraitBank via Zenodo) plus traits mined from public-domain USDA NRCS guides. A documented record, not care advice. Each value keeps every source that reported it; a value marked extracted:true was read from prose, carries a verbatim quote and source_url, and has no structured source corroborating it." }, "nomenclature": { "authors": "L.", "published_in": "Mant. Pl. Altera 313", "year": 1771, "ipni_id": "urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:262125-1", "ipni_url": "https://www.ipni.org/n/262125-1", "source": "IPNI (International Plant Names Index)", "license": "CC-BY 4.0", "source_url": "https://www.ipni.org", "synced": "2026-07-18", "note": "The protologue citation: who published the name, in which work and year, and the IPNI record it resolves to. This is naming provenance, not a description." }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs, flowering annotations and the common name, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "hardiness_zone", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all." }, { "field": "phenology", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/ginkgo-biloba/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }