{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/geonoma-maxima/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "geonoma-maxima",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000972205",
    "inat_taxon_id": 365275
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Geonoma maxima",
    "authorship": "(Poit.) Kunth",
    "genus": "Geonoma",
    "epithet": "maxima",
    "family": "Arecaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Enum. Pl. 3: 229 (1841)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:667168-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Geonoma ambigua",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma bijugata",
        "authorship": "Barb.Rodr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma brachyfoliata",
        "authorship": "Barb.Rodr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma camptoneura",
        "authorship": "Burret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma capanemae",
        "authorship": "Barb.Rodr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma chelidonura",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma decora",
        "authorship": "L.Linden & Rodigas"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma densiflora",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma densiflora var. monticola",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma discolor",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma falcata",
        "authorship": "Barb.Rodr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma furcifolia",
        "authorship": "Barb.Rodr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma furcifrons",
        "authorship": "Drude"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma grandisecta",
        "authorship": "Burret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma hexasticha",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma huebneri",
        "authorship": "Burret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma juruana",
        "authorship": "Dammer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma lakoi",
        "authorship": "Burret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma latisecta",
        "authorship": "Burret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma longisecta",
        "authorship": "Burret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma maxima var. ambigua",
        "authorship": "(Spruce) A.J.Hend."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma maxima var. chelidonura",
        "authorship": "(Spruce) A.J.Hend."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma maxima var. maxima",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma maxima var. spixiana",
        "authorship": "(Mart.) A.J.Hend."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma multiflora",
        "authorship": "Mart."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma multiflora subsp. hexasticha",
        "authorship": "(Spruce) Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma multiflora subsp. negrensis",
        "authorship": "(Spruce) Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma multiflora var. discolor",
        "authorship": "(Spruce) Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma multiflora var. negrensis",
        "authorship": "(Spruce) Al.Jahn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma negrensis",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma palustris",
        "authorship": "Barb.Rodr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma paraensis",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma parvisecta",
        "authorship": "Burret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma personata",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma robusta",
        "authorship": "Burret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma schomburgkiana",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma speciosa",
        "authorship": "Barb.Rodr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma spixiana",
        "authorship": "Mart."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma spruceana",
        "authorship": "Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma spruceana subsp. intermedia",
        "authorship": "Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma spruceana subsp. tuberculata",
        "authorship": "(Spruce) Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma spruceana var. compta",
        "authorship": "Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma spruceana var. heptasticha",
        "authorship": "Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma spruceana var. intermedia",
        "authorship": "Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma spruceana var. major",
        "authorship": "Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma spruceana var. micra",
        "authorship": "Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma spruceana var. tuberculata",
        "authorship": "(Spruce) Trail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma tuberculata",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma tuberculata var. major",
        "authorship": "Drude"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geonoma uliginosa",
        "authorship": "Barb.Rodr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gynestum maximum",
        "authorship": "Poit."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
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    "shown": 5,
    "usable_found": 5,
    "licences": [
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    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
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    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "BOL",
      "BZN",
      "BZE",
      "CLM",
      "ECU",
      "FRG",
      "GUY",
      "PER",
      "SUR",
      "VEN"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZE",
        "name": "Brazil Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRG",
        "name": "French Guiana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 2,
    "n_annotated": 3,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub or tree",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": null,
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "climate_envelope",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 2 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/geonoma-maxima/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}