Gentiana triflora

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Gentiana triflora, photographed by Анна Васильченко — fig. d Анна Васильченко, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 92935202

Gentiana triflora, photographed by Eugene Popov — fig. e Eugene Popov, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 92780906

Gentiana triflora, photographed by Dmitry Kulakov — fig. f Dmitry Kulakov, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 53111156

Gentiana triflora, photographed by Юлия — fig. g Юлия, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 152815178

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium: The New York Botanical Garden
Accession: 4366159
Filed as: Gentiana triflora subsp. japonica (Kusn.) Vorosch.
Det. by: not recorded on this sheet
Collected: not recorded
Origin: not recorded
The sheet: View the digitised specimen (CC BY 4.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 16 botanical countries

Native distribution of Gentiana triflora, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.

Region	TDWG code	Continent
Amur	AMU	ASIA-TEMPERATE
Buryatiya	BRY
China North-Central	CHN
Chita	CTA
Inner Mongolia	CHI
Irkutsk	IRK
Japan	JAP
Khabarovsk	KHA
Korea	KOR
Kuril Is.	KUR
Magadan	MAG
Manchuria	CHM
Mongolia	MON
Primorye	PRM
Sakhalin	SAK
Yakutiya	YAK

Not drawn on the map: Kuril Is.. We hold no public-domain boundary for this region, so it is listed rather than guessed at.

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 169 observations

Condition	5th percentile	Median	95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low	-30.9 °C	-17.0 °C	-9.4 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high	16.7 °C	21.9 °C	25.1 °C
Annual rainfall	431 mm	838 mm	2,000 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter	13 mm	53 mm	215 mm

It is found where winters are arctic. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 169 research-grade observations of Gentiana triflora that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 25 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

Dasystephana axillariflora (H.Lév. & Vaniot) J.Sojak
Dasystephana triflora (Pall.) Borkh.
Gentiana axillariflora H.Lév. & Vaniot
Gentiana axillariflora f. alba Y.N.Lee
Gentiana axillariflora var. coreana (Nakai) Kudô
Gentiana axillariflora var. horomuiensis (Kudô) H.Hara
Gentiana axillariflora var. montana H.Hara
Gentiana horomuiensis Kudô
Gentiana jesoana Nakai
Gentiana jesoana var. coreana Nakai
Gentiana naitoana H.Lév. & Faurie
Gentiana rigescens var. japonica Kusn.
Gentiana triflora f. albiflora T.Shimizu
Gentiana triflora f. alboviolacea W.Paik & W.Lee
Gentiana triflora f. horomuiensis (Kudô) Toyok.
Gentiana triflora f. japonica (Kusn.) W.Lee & W.Paik
Gentiana triflora f. montana (H.Hara) Toyok. & Tanaka
Gentiana triflora f. semiglobularis Toyok.
Gentiana triflora subvar. horomuiensis (Kudô) Toyok.
Gentiana triflora subvar. montana (H.Hara) Toyok.
Gentiana triflora var. horomuiensis (Kudô) H.Hara
Gentiana triflora var. japonica (Kusn.) H.Hara
Gentiana triflora var. montana (H.Hara) H.Hara
Gentiana uchiyamae Nakai

and 1 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.