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  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/geniostoma-rupestre/",
  "last_modified": "2024-06-05",
  "id": {
    "slug": "geniostoma-rupestre",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000696286",
    "inat_taxon_id": 366685
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Geniostoma rupestre",
    "authorship": "J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.",
    "genus": "Geniostoma",
    "epithet": "rupestre",
    "family": "Loganiaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Char. Gen. Pl. : 24 (1776)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:546462-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "rock geniostoma",
      "english": [
        "rock geniostoma"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma acuminatissimum",
        "authorship": "Gilg & Gilg-Ben."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma arboreum",
        "authorship": "(Reinw. ex Blume) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma astylum",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma australianum",
        "authorship": "F.Muell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma avene",
        "authorship": "Valeton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma batanense",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma biseriale",
        "authorship": "Rech."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma brassii",
        "authorship": "Merr. & L.M.Perry"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma brevipes",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma caulocarpum",
        "authorship": "K.Schum."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma celebicum",
        "authorship": "Valeton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma clavigerum",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm. & B.C.Stone"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma confertiflorum",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm. & B.C.Stone"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma crassifolium",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma crassifolium var. glaberrimum",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma cumingianum",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma dallmannense",
        "authorship": "Kaneh. & Hatus."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma dasyneurum",
        "authorship": "Gilg & Gilg-Ben."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma deplanchei",
        "authorship": "Vieill. ex Guillaumin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma dictyoneurum",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm. & B.C.Stone"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma fasciculatum",
        "authorship": "Quisumb. & Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma fleischmannii",
        "authorship": "Rech."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma flueggeoides",
        "authorship": "S.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma foetens",
        "authorship": "Baill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma franguloides",
        "authorship": "Brongn. & Gris ex Guillaumin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma gilgii",
        "authorship": "Merr. & L.M.Perry"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma glaberrimum",
        "authorship": "Hosok."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma gracile",
        "authorship": "Rech."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma haemospermum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma haemospermum var. angustifolium",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma haemospermum var. elongatum",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma haemospermum var. erosum",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma haemospermum var. laevigatum",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma haemospermum var. rugulosum",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma hendersonense",
        "authorship": "H.St.John"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma hoeferi",
        "authorship": "Gilg & Gilg-Ben."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma hoeferi var. glabrum",
        "authorship": "Gilg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma insulare",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm. & B.C.Stone"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma insulare f. cuspidatum",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm. & B.C.Stone"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma insulare f. sphaerococcum",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm. & B.C.Stone"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma insulare var. tongense",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm. & B.C.Stone"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma kasyotense",
        "authorship": "Kaneh. & Sasaki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma kusaiense",
        "authorship": "Kaneh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma lancilimbum",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma lasiostemon",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma lasiostemon var. moluccanum",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma laxum",
        "authorship": "Elmer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma ligustrifolium",
        "authorship": "A.Cunn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma ligustrifolium var. crassum",
        "authorship": "Cheeseman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma ligustrifolium var. major",
        "authorship": "Cheeseman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma longipes",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma longistylum",
        "authorship": "Gilg-Ben."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma macgregorii",
        "authorship": "(Horne ex Baker) A.C.Sm. & B.C.Stone"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma micranthum",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma micranthum var. hoeferi",
        "authorship": "(Gilg & Gilg-Ben.) Fosberg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma micranthum var. paganense",
        "authorship": "Fosberg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma microphyllum",
        "authorship": "Seem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma mindanaense",
        "authorship": "Elmer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma miquelianum",
        "authorship": "Koord. & Valeton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma moluccanum",
        "authorship": "Valeton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma montanum",
        "authorship": "Zoll. & Moritzi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma nigrescens",
        "authorship": "(Blanco) Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma oblongifolium",
        "authorship": "Koord. & Valeton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma pachyphyllum",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma pancheri",
        "authorship": "Baill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma philippinense",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma phyllanthoides",
        "authorship": "Baill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma psychotrioides",
        "authorship": "Gilg & Gilg-Ben."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma pulgarense",
        "authorship": "Elmer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma pullei",
        "authorship": "Cammerl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma quadrangulare",
        "authorship": "Fosberg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma ramosii",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma reticulata",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma reticulatum",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma rupestre var. crassum",
        "authorship": "(Cheeseman) B.J.Conn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma rupestre var. moluccanum",
        "authorship": "(Blume) B.J.Conn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma rupestre var. tongense",
        "authorship": "(A.C.Sm. & B.C.Stone) B.J.Conn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma saipanense",
        "authorship": "Kaneh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma samoense",
        "authorship": "Reinecke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma schlechteri",
        "authorship": "Gilg & Gilg-Ben."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma sessile",
        "authorship": "Kaneh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma stenocarpum",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma stenophyllum",
        "authorship": "Gilg & Gilg-Ben."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma stenophyllum",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma stenurum",
        "authorship": "Gilg & Gilg-Ben."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma thymeleacea",
        "authorship": "Baill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma uninervium",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm. & B.C.Stone"
      },
      {
        "name": "Geniostoma vitiense",
        "authorship": "Gilg & Gilg-Ben."
      },
      {
        "name": "Haemospermum arboreum",
        "authorship": "Reinw. ex Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Haemospermum moluccanum",
        "authorship": "Zipp. ex Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lasiostomum arboreum",
        "authorship": "Zipp. ex Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tayotum nigrescens",
        "authorship": "Blanco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zaluzania indica",
        "authorship": "Reinw. ex Blume"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
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        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NZN",
        "name": "New Zealand North",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "New Zealand"
      },
      {
        "code": "NZS",
        "name": "New Zealand South",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "New Zealand"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CRL",
        "name": "Caroline Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIJ",
        "name": "Fiji",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRN",
        "name": "Marianas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWC",
        "name": "New Caledonia",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "NUE",
        "name": "Niue",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "PIT",
        "name": "Pitcairn Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAM",
        "name": "Samoa",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCZ",
        "name": "Santa Cruz Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCI",
        "name": "Society Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TON",
        "name": "Tonga",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUB",
        "name": "Tubuai Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAL",
        "name": "Wallis-Futuna Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 445,
    "n_annotated": 979,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      0,
      1,
      1,
      1,
      2,
      0,
      0,
      6,
      112,
      286,
      34,
      2
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      37,
      51,
      31,
      42,
      28,
      23,
      40,
      85,
      191,
      320,
      82,
      49
    ],
    "share": [
      0,
      0.0196,
      0.0323,
      0.0238,
      0.0714,
      0,
      0,
      0.0706,
      0.5864,
      0.8938,
      0.4146,
      0.0408
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0,
        0.0941
      ],
      [
        0.0035,
        0.103
      ],
      [
        0.0057,
        0.1619
      ],
      [
        0.0042,
        0.1232
      ],
      [
        0.0198,
        0.2265
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.1431
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.0876
      ],
      [
        0.0328,
        0.1456
      ],
      [
        0.5155,
        0.6539
      ],
      [
        0.8552,
        0.923
      ],
      [
        0.3142,
        0.5227
      ],
      [
        0.0113,
        0.1371
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 10,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 243,
      "by_month": [
        30,
        43,
        26,
        23,
        12,
        5,
        1,
        0,
        2,
        25,
        35,
        41
      ],
      "share": [
        0.8108,
        0.8431,
        0.8387,
        0.5476,
        0.4286,
        0.2174,
        0.025,
        0,
        0.0105,
        0.0781,
        0.4268,
        0.8367
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0.6579,
          0.9052
        ],
        [
          0.7199,
          0.9183
        ],
        [
          0.6737,
          0.9291
        ],
        [
          0.3995,
          0.6878
        ],
        [
          0.2651,
          0.6093
        ],
        [
          0.0966,
          0.419
        ],
        [
          0.0044,
          0.1288
        ],
        [
          0,
          0.0432
        ],
        [
          0.0029,
          0.0374
        ],
        [
          0.0535,
          0.1128
        ],
        [
          0.3254,
          0.5348
        ],
        [
          0.7096,
          0.9149
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 2
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub or tree",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 19.1,
      "median": 24.4,
      "p95": 26.4
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 37.7,
      "median": 233.8,
      "p95": 283.4
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 24.7,
      "median": 28,
      "p95": 29
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 13,
      "median": 20.2,
      "p95": 25
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 1340.4,
      "median": 2863.5,
      "p95": 5570.8
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 30.4,
      "median": 52.1,
      "p95": 62.9
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 125.8,
      "median": 315.5,
      "p95": 849.8
    },
    "n": 39,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 39 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol GERU3",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/geniostoma-rupestre/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}