{
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  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/gemmabryum-dichotomum/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-03",
  "id": {
    "slug": "gemmabryum-dichotomum",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001213822",
    "inat_taxon_id": 159528
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Gemmabryum dichotomum",
    "authorship": "(Hedw.) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay",
    "genus": "Gemmabryum",
    "epithet": "dichotomum",
    "family": "Bryaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Phytologia 87(2): 66. 2005.",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.bryonames.org/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "bryum moss",
      "english": [
        "bryum moss"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Argyrobryum bicolor",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum aequicollum",
        "authorship": "Broth. & Watts"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum amplifolium",
        "authorship": "Dixon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum annulatum",
        "authorship": "Hook.f. & Wilson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum anomobryoides",
        "authorship": "Cardot & Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum arenarium",
        "authorship": "Jur."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum arenarium var. longipilum",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum argillicola",
        "authorship": "Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum arvenii",
        "authorship": "Arnell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum arvense",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum arvense f. bulbiferum",
        "authorship": "Torka"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum aschersonii",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum aspillagae",
        "authorship": "Thér."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum atropurpureum",
        "authorship": "Bruch & Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum atropurpureum f. macrothecium",
        "authorship": "Besch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum atropurpureum f. tenellum",
        "authorship": "Besch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum atropurpureum subsp. arenarium",
        "authorship": "(Husn.) Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum atropurpureum var. arenarium",
        "authorship": "Husn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum atropurpureum var. denticulatum",
        "authorship": "Besch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum atropurpureum var. dolioloides",
        "authorship": "Solms"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum atropurpureum var. gracilentum",
        "authorship": "(Braithw.) Dixon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum atropurpureum var. macrothecium",
        "authorship": "(Besch.) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum atropurpureum var. tuneticum",
        "authorship": "Besch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum balanoides",
        "authorship": "Taylor ex Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum balticum",
        "authorship": "Nyholm & Hedenäs"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum barnesii",
        "authorship": "J.B.Wood ex Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor",
        "authorship": "Dicks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor f. blastospeirum",
        "authorship": "(Głow.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor f. bulbiferum",
        "authorship": "(Torka) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor f. gracilentum",
        "authorship": "(Braithw.) Latzel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor f. hevense",
        "authorship": "(Thér.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor f. tectorum",
        "authorship": "Thér."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor subsp. aphanes",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor subsp. arenarium",
        "authorship": "(Husn.) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor subsp. arvenii",
        "authorship": "(Arnell) Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor subsp. aschersonii",
        "authorship": "(Podp.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor subsp. biplicatum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor subsp. dolioides",
        "authorship": "(Solms) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor subsp. dubium",
        "authorship": "(Podp.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor subsp. heterophyllum",
        "authorship": "(Podp.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor subsp. podperae",
        "authorship": "(I.Hagen) Giacom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. arenarium",
        "authorship": "(Husn.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. arvenii",
        "authorship": "(Arnell) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. aschersonii",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. biplicatum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. bohemicum",
        "authorship": "(Podp.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. denticulatum",
        "authorship": "(Besch.) Jelenc"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. dolioloides",
        "authorship": "(Solms) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. gracilentum",
        "authorship": "Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. herzogii",
        "authorship": "(Podp.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. heterophyllum",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. hevense",
        "authorship": "Thér."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. macrothecium",
        "authorship": "(Besch.) Jelenc"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. pseudoblindii",
        "authorship": "J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. tenellum",
        "authorship": "(Besch.) Jelenc"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bicolor var. tuneticum",
        "authorship": "(Besch.) Jelenc"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum biplicatum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bohemicum",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum brachytheciella",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bulbillosum",
        "authorship": "Mont."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum caespiticium var. bicolor",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum caespiticium var. minus",
        "authorship": "Hook. & Taylor"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum capillare subsp. occidentale",
        "authorship": "(Sull.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum capillare var. mohrii",
        "authorship": "(Lesq.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum carneum var. pusillum",
        "authorship": "Schultz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum ceylonense",
        "authorship": "Broth. & Dixon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum corralense",
        "authorship": "Herzog & Thér."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum dichotomum",
        "authorship": "Hedw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum dubium",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum dunense",
        "authorship": "A.J.E.Sm. & H.Whitehouse"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum elegantulum",
        "authorship": "Stirt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum erythrocarpum var. bicolor",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum excurrens",
        "authorship": "Lindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum excurrens var. planatum",
        "authorship": "Hamm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum funkii var. gracilentum",
        "authorship": "(Braithw.) Düll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum gibertii",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum glaucoviride",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum hemisphaericarpum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum herzogii",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum heterophyllum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum horridulum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum kirkii",
        "authorship": "Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum laetevirens",
        "authorship": "Cardot & Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum microglobum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal. & Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum mildeanum var. arenarium",
        "authorship": "(Husn.) Demaret & R.Wilczek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum mohrii",
        "authorship": "Lesq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum occidentale",
        "authorship": "Sull."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum otahapaense",
        "authorship": "R.Br.bis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum ovalicarpum",
        "authorship": "R.Br.bis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum ovatocarpum",
        "authorship": "R.Br.bis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum ovatothecium",
        "authorship": "R.Br.bis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum petriei",
        "authorship": "R.Br.bis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum philonotoideum",
        "authorship": "Broth. & Watts"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum pimpamae",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum pluricolor",
        "authorship": "Dusén ex Thér."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum podperae",
        "authorship": "I.Hagen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum remotifolium",
        "authorship": "Hampe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum rigidicuspis",
        "authorship": "Dixon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum subcupulatum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal. ex Rodway"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum tenellicaule",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum theriotii",
        "authorship": "R.Br.bis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum urbanskyi",
        "authorship": "Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum versicolor",
        "authorship": "A.Braun ex Bruch & Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum versicolor f. planatum",
        "authorship": "(Hamm.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum versicolor subsp. excurrens",
        "authorship": "(Lindb.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum versicolor var. blastospeirum",
        "authorship": "Głow."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum versicolor var. blumrichii",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum versicolor var. flavidens",
        "authorship": "Kaurin ex Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum waikariense",
        "authorship": "R.Br.bis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum webbianum",
        "authorship": "R.Br.bis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum webbii",
        "authorship": "R.Br.bis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Gemmabryum barnesii",
        "authorship": "(J.B.Wood ex Schimp.) J.R.Spence"
      },
      {
        "name": "Gemmabryum bicolor",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) J.R.Spence"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mnium bicolor",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mnium caespiticium var. bicolor",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Röhl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mnium dichotomum",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Osculatia barnesii",
        "authorship": "(J.B.Wood ex Schimp.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra"
      },
      {
        "name": "Osculatia bicolor",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra"
      },
      {
        "name": "Osculatia dichotoma",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Ochyra, Plášek & Bedn.-Ochyra"
      }
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        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "magriet b",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/magrietb",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/dc92c635-e993-4405-856b-033be1ec0ea8",
        "observed_on": "2018-09-23",
        "lat": -32.24,
        "lon": 19.064,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 680
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/25686557/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/25686557/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/25686557/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/25686557/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "magriet b, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": null,
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": null,
    "climate": null
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 7.2,
      "median": 10.3,
      "p95": 11
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 318.5,
      "median": 531,
      "p95": 744.1
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 17.2,
      "median": 22.9,
      "p95": 26.1
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -5.2,
      "median": 1.1,
      "p95": 5.1
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 626.3,
      "median": 1571.5,
      "p95": 2359.6
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 15,
      "median": 57.3,
      "p95": 68.8
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 73.2,
      "median": 159.6,
      "p95": 249.8
    },
    "n": 73,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 73 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol BRDI12",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/gemmabryum-dichotomum/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}