Funastrum clausum(Jacq.) Schltr.

white twinevine

WFO wfo-0000693498 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Funastrum clausum, photographed by Eduardo Luis Beltrocco
fig. a Eduardo Luis Beltrocco, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-03-31 / obs. 185570228
Funastrum clausum, photographed by Eduardo Luis Beltrocco
fig. b Eduardo Luis Beltrocco, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 184746869
Funastrum clausum, photographed by Eduardo Luis Beltrocco
fig. c Eduardo Luis Beltrocco, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 184743788
Funastrum clausum, photographed by María Zeta
fig. d María Zeta, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 181121428
Funastrum clausum, photographed by Romi Galeota Lencina
fig. e Romi Galeota Lencina, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 181353219
Funastrum clausum, photographed by Romi Galeota Lencina
fig. f Romi Galeota Lencina, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 181354073
Funastrum clausum, photographed by Eduardo Luis Beltrocco
fig. g Eduardo Luis Beltrocco, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 180269952
Funastrum clausum, photographed by Eduardo Luis Beltrocco
fig. h Eduardo Luis Beltrocco, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 173532818

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 41 botanical countries

Regions where Funastrum clausum is native: Florida, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Texas, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cayman Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is. FloridaMexico CentralMexico GulfMexico NortheastMexico NorthwestMexico SoutheastMexico SouthwestTexasArgentina NortheastArgentina NorthwestBelizeBoliviaBrazil NorthBrazil NortheastBrazil SouthBrazil SoutheastBrazil West-CentralColombiaCosta RicaCubaDominican RepublicEcuadorEl SalvadorFrench GuianaGuatemalaGuyanaHaitiHondurasJamaicaNicaraguaPanamáParaguayPeruSurinameTrinidad-TobagoUruguayVenezuela BahamasCayman Is.Venezuelan AntillesWindward Is.
Native distribution of Funastrum clausum, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Argentina Northeast AGE SOUTHERN AMERICA
Argentina Northwest AGW
Bahamas BAH
Belize BLZ
Bolivia BOL
Brazil North BZN
Brazil Northeast BZE
Brazil South BZS
Brazil Southeast BZL
Brazil West-Central BZC
Cayman Is. CAY
Colombia CLM
Costa Rica COS
Cuba CUB
Dominican Republic DOM
Ecuador ECU
El Salvador ELS
French Guiana FRG
Guatemala GUA
Guyana GUY
Haiti HAI
Honduras HON
Jamaica JAM
Nicaragua NIC
Panamá PAN
Paraguay PAR
Peru PER
Suriname SUR
Trinidad-Tobago TRT
Uruguay URU
Venezuela VEN
Venezuelan Antilles VNA
Windward Is. WIN
Florida FLA NORTHERN AMERICA
Mexico Central MXC
Mexico Gulf MXG
Mexico Northeast MXE
Mexico Northwest MXN
Mexico Southeast MXT
Mexico Southwest MXS
Texas TEX

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 525 in flower of 703 examined

Peak flowering in Aug. Each bar is the share of Funastrum clausum observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 525 of 703 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 1,661 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 8.2 °C 13.8 °C 23.3 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 29.1 °C 31.4 °C 36.4 °C
Annual rainfall 358 mm 1,102 mm 1,783 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 4 mm 93 mm 213 mm

It is barely found anywhere that freezes. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 1,661 research-grade observations of Funastrum clausum that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 84 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Apocynum proliferum Sessé & Moc.
  • Asclepias alba Cav.
  • Asclepias clausa Jacq.
  • Asclepias filiformis Jacq.
  • Asclepias jacquiniana Spreng.
  • Asclepias linearifolia Pav. ex Decne.
  • Asclepias scandens Mill.
  • Asclepias vicinalis Mart.
  • Asclepias viminalis Sw.
  • Asclepias volubilis Dombey ex Decne.
  • Ceramanthus bonariensis Malme
  • Cynanchum album Pers.
  • Cynanchum clausum (Jacq.) Jacq.
  • Cynanchum filiforme (Jacq.) Jacq.
  • Cynanchum filliforme (Jacq.) L.f.
  • Cynanchum leucanthum Jacq. ex J.F.Gmel.
  • Cynanchum mexicanum Brandegee
  • Cynanchum pedunculare Lam.
  • Cynanchum verticillare Lam.
  • Funastrum apiculatum (Decne.) Schltr.
  • Funastrum barbatum (Mart. ex E.Fourn.) Schltr.
  • Funastrum bonariense (Hook. & Arn.) Schltr.
  • Funastrum crassifolium (Decne.) Schltr.
  • Funastrum cumanense (Kunth) Schltr.

and 60 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.