Fraxinus pennsylvanicaMarshall

green ash

WFO wfo-0000832813 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Fraxinus pennsylvanica, photographed by Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky)
fig. a Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky), CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-12 / obs. 205792825
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, photographed by Michelle Norcéide
fig. b Michelle Norcéide, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 202957806
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, photographed by Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky)
fig. c Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky), CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205703015
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, photographed by Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky)
fig. d Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky), CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205709215
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, photographed by Ryan Sorrells
fig. e Ryan Sorrells, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 203400782
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, photographed by aarongunnar
fig. f aarongunnar, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204775680
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, photographed by rboles
fig. g rboles, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 200409470
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, photographed by Henry "Nick" Robertson
fig. h Henry "Nick" Robertson, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 197361904

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Confused withby our own model

These are not lookalikes we guessed at. Each one is a species our identification model genuinely mistook for this plant, and how many times. The error rate is published.

Flowering n = 119 observations

Peak flowering in May, from 119 community-annotated observations worldwide. This is a global aggregate, not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres, and citizen-science records cluster near cities, at weekends, and in spring. Where a species has fewer than 30 annotated records we do not draw this chart at all.

Also published as 92 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Calycomelia campestris (Britton) Nieuwl. & Lunell
  • Calycomelia elliptica (Bosc) Kostel.
  • Calycomelia expansa (Willd.) Kostel.
  • Calycomelia lancea (Bosc) Kostel.
  • Calycomelia lanceolata (Borkh.) Lunell
  • Calycomelia ovata (Bosc) Kostel.
  • Calycomelia pennsylvanica (Marshall) Nieuwl.
  • Calycomelia pubescens (Lam.) Kostel.
  • Calycomelia richardii (Bosc) Kostel.
  • Fraxinus americana subsp. pennsylvanica (Marshall) Wesm.
  • Fraxinus americana subvar. aucubifolia (H.Jaeger) Wesm.
  • Fraxinus americana var. normale Wesm.
  • Fraxinus americana var. pennsylvanica (Marshall) Castigl.
  • Fraxinus americana var. pennsylvanica (Marshall) Weston
  • Fraxinus americana var. pennsylvanica (Marshall) Castigl.
  • Fraxinus americana var. pubescens (Lam.) D.J.Browne
  • Fraxinus americana var. rubicunda (Bosc) Wesm.
  • Fraxinus americana var. subpubescens (Pers.) Wesm.
  • Fraxinus arbutifolia Dippel
  • Fraxinus aucubifolia G.Kirchn.
  • Fraxinus campestris Britton
  • Fraxinus ceratifolia Hoffmanns.
  • Fraxinus cinerea Bosc
  • Fraxinus concolor Muhl.

and 68 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.