{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/fimbristylis-dichotoma/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "fimbristylis-dichotoma",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000420095",
    "inat_taxon_id": 141162
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Fimbristylis dichotoma",
    "authorship": "(L.) Vahl",
    "genus": "Fimbristylis",
    "epithet": "dichotoma",
    "family": "Cyperaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 287 (1805)",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.cyperaceae.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1680010",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Forked Fimbry",
      "english": [
        "Forked Fimbry",
        "Forked fimbry",
        "forked fimbry"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Cyperus annuus",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Eleocharis dichotoma",
        "authorship": "(L.) H.Karst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ficinia ambigua",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis affinis",
        "authorship": "Hook. & Arn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis affinis",
        "authorship": "J.Presl & C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis alamosana",
        "authorship": "Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis ambigua",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua",
        "authorship": "(All.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua f. brizoides",
        "authorship": "(Sm. ex Nees & Meyen) Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua f. explicata",
        "authorship": "Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua f. novae-britanniae",
        "authorship": "(Boeckeler) Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua f. oblonga",
        "authorship": "Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua f. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua f. typica",
        "authorship": "Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua var. brizoides",
        "authorship": "(Sm. ex Nees & Meyen) A.Gross & Brade"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua var. diphylla",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua var. gaimardioides",
        "authorship": "Skottsb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua var. leptophylla",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua var. paucispiculata",
        "authorship": "Blatt. & McCann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua var. podocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua var. pseudoferruginea",
        "authorship": "Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis annua var. royeniana",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis arenicola",
        "authorship": "Wiggins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis baldwiniana",
        "authorship": "(Schult.) Torr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis boiviniana",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis brachyphylla",
        "authorship": "(Schult.) Schult. & Schult.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis brevifolia",
        "authorship": "(Rottler) Wall. ex Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis brizoides",
        "authorship": "Sm. ex Nees & Meyen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis brizoides var. humboldtiana",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis brizoides var. pallens",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis brizoides var. tenuifolia",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis calocarpa",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis candelabrum",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis carinata",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis caripensis",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis cincta",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis circinnata",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis communis",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis confinis",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis curvifolia",
        "authorship": "(Schrad.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis darlingtoniana",
        "authorship": "Pennell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis depauperata",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis depauperata var. chillagoensis",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis depauperata var. plurispiculata",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis depauperata var. polyphylla",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis depauperata var. typica",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma f. annua",
        "authorship": "(All.) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma f. depauperata",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma f. dichotoma",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma f. diphylla",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma f. floribunda",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma f. tentsuki",
        "authorship": "T.Koyama"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma f. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma var. annua",
        "authorship": "(All.) T.Koyama"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma var. annua",
        "authorship": "(All.) Zavaro"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma var. glaberrima",
        "authorship": "Boeckeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma var. laxa",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Napper"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma var. nilagirica",
        "authorship": "(C.B.Clarke) Karthik."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma var. paucispiculata",
        "authorship": "(Blatt. & McCann) Panigrahi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma var. pluristriata",
        "authorship": "(C.B.Clarke) Napper"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma var. poladpurensis",
        "authorship": "D.P.Chavan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma var. satpudensis",
        "authorship": "T.A.Khan & Chaudhari"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotoma var. tikushiensis",
        "authorship": "(Hayata) T.Koyama"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dichotomoides",
        "authorship": "Tang & F.T.Wang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diffusula",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Vahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla f. coarctata",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla f. glabra",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla f. royeniana",
        "authorship": "(Nees) C.B.Clarke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla f. subpubescens",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla subsp. diffusa",
        "authorship": "D.B.Ward"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. annua",
        "authorship": "(All.) C.B.Clarke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. depauperata",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) C.B.Clarke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. floribunda",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. laxa",
        "authorship": "E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. nilagirica",
        "authorship": "C.B.Clarke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. paucispiculata",
        "authorship": "Cherm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. pluristriata",
        "authorship": "C.B.Clarke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. podocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. polystachya",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. spirostachya",
        "authorship": "(F.Muell. ex Benth.) C.B.Clarke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Barros"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis diphylla var. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis dregeana",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis eggersii",
        "authorship": "Boeckeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis elongata",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis foliosa",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis fuscata",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis fuscescens",
        "authorship": "(Link) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis germainii",
        "authorship": "E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis glauca",
        "authorship": "Vahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis goeringiana",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis gracilis",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis heynei",
        "authorship": "Boeckeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis hirtella",
        "authorship": "Vahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis hoffmanseggii",
        "authorship": "F.Dietr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis holwayana",
        "authorship": "Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis hookeri",
        "authorship": "Endl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis humboldtii",
        "authorship": "J.Presl & C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis juncifolia",
        "authorship": "J.Presl & C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis laxa",
        "authorship": "Vahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis luzuliformis",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis mauritiana",
        "authorship": "Nees ex Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis metzii",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis mezostachya",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis nitidula",
        "authorship": "Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis novae-britanniae",
        "authorship": "Boeckeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "Nees ex C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis ophiticola",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis ovalis",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis pallescens",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis parviflora",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis philippica",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis pluristriata",
        "authorship": "(C.B.Clarke) Berhaut"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis podocarpa",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis pohliana",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis polymorpha",
        "authorship": "Boeckeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis pubescens",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis pubigera",
        "authorship": "(Schrad.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis ramosii",
        "authorship": "Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis royeniana",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis royeniana var. microstachya",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis scherardi",
        "authorship": "Bubani"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis sechellensis",
        "authorship": "Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis serratula",
        "authorship": "Vahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis serrulata",
        "authorship": "Vahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis similis",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis sororia",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis spirostachya",
        "authorship": "F.Muell. ex Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis squamulosa",
        "authorship": "Hochst. ex Boeckeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis striata",
        "authorship": "Labill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis stricta",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis subtristachya",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis tikushiensis",
        "authorship": "Hayata"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis tomentosa",
        "authorship": "Vahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis trifurca",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis variabilis",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis verrucosa",
        "authorship": "J.Presl & C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis verrucosa var. glabrescens",
        "authorship": "J.Presl & C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis verrucosa var. hirsuta",
        "authorship": "J.Presl & C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis villosa",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbristylis villosissima",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Iria depauperata",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Iria polymorpha",
        "authorship": "(Boeckeler) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Iria polymorpha var. normalis",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Iria spirostachya",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Iria stricta",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Isolepis brachyphylla",
        "authorship": "Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Isolepis curvifolia",
        "authorship": "Schrad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Isolepis depauperata",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Isolepis dichotoma",
        "authorship": "(L.) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Isolepis elliottii",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) A.Dietr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Isolepis pallescens",
        "authorship": "(Link) A.Dietr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Isolepis pubigera",
        "authorship": "Schrad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Isolepis varia",
        "authorship": "Schrad. ex Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus annuus",
        "authorship": "All."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus arvensis",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus balduinianus",
        "authorship": "Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus brevifolius",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus brevifolius",
        "authorship": "Rottler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus candelabrum",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus depauperatus",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus depauperatus",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus dichotomus",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus diphyllus",
        "authorship": "Retz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus elliottii",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus elongatus",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus fimbriatus",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus fuscescens",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus glomeratus",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus hirtellus",
        "authorship": "Vahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus laxus",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus miliaceus",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus niloticus",
        "authorship": "J.F.Gmel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus nitidulus",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus pallescens",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus parviflorus",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus pubescens",
        "authorship": "Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus pubigerus",
        "authorship": "Bernh. ex Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus serrulatus",
        "authorship": "(Vahl) Vahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus strictus",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus sulcatus",
        "authorship": "Elliott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus tomentosus",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus variabilis",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Scirpus villosus",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichelostylis curvifolia",
        "authorship": "(Schrad.) Nees"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fimbristylis_dichotoma"
  },
  "photographs": {
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    "licences": [
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        "creator": "Greg Tasney",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/gregtasney",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/231e0dcb-bdb9-4a0e-ba60-a60573e442dd",
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        "lat": -27.464,
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        "code": "SAU",
        "name": "Saudi Arabia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YEM",
        "name": "Yemen",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "AND",
        "name": "Andaman Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BIS",
        "name": "Bismarck Archipelago",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CBD",
        "name": "Cambodia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "EHM",
        "name": "East Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LDV",
        "name": "Laccadive Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCB",
        "name": "Nicobar Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCS",
        "name": "South China Sea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NFK",
        "name": "Norfolk Is.",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOA",
        "name": "South Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIC",
        "name": "Victoria",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAU",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALA",
        "name": "Alabama",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ARK",
        "name": "Arkansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "DEL",
        "name": "Delaware",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WDC",
        "name": "District of Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "FLA",
        "name": "Florida",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "GEO",
        "name": "Georgia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ILL",
        "name": "Illinois",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "INI",
        "name": "Indiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KAN",
        "name": "Kansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KTY",
        "name": "Kentucky",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LOU",
        "name": "Louisiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MRY",
        "name": "Maryland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSI",
        "name": "Mississippi",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSO",
        "name": "Missouri",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWJ",
        "name": "New Jersey",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NCA",
        "name": "North Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "OHI",
        "name": "Ohio",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "OKL",
        "name": "Oklahoma",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SCA",
        "name": "South Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEN",
        "name": "Tennessee",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VRG",
        "name": "Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "CRL",
        "name": "Caroline Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "COO",
        "name": "Cook Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIJ",
        "name": "Fiji",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "GIL",
        "name": "Gilbert Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAW",
        "name": "Hawaii",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "North-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRN",
        "name": "Marianas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRQ",
        "name": "Marquesas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWC",
        "name": "New Caledonia",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAM",
        "name": "Samoa",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCI",
        "name": "Society Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TOK",
        "name": "Tokelau-Manihiki",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TON",
        "name": "Tonga",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUB",
        "name": "Tubuai Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAL",
        "name": "Wallis-Futuna Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGE",
        "name": "Argentina Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAH",
        "name": "Bahamas",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLZ",
        "name": "Belize",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZE",
        "name": "Brazil Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZS",
        "name": "Brazil South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZL",
        "name": "Brazil Southeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAY",
        "name": "Cayman Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "CPI",
        "name": "Central American Pacific Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRG",
        "name": "French Guiana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAL",
        "name": "Galápagos",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAM",
        "name": "Jamaica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "LEE",
        "name": "Leeward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NLA",
        "name": "Netherlands Antilles",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAR",
        "name": "Paraguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PUE",
        "name": "Puerto Rico",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "TRT",
        "name": "Trinidad-Tobago",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCI",
        "name": "Turks-Caicos Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "URU",
        "name": "Uruguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "WIN",
        "name": "Windward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 172,
    "n_annotated": 204,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      5,
      5,
      14,
      7,
      21,
      15,
      11,
      29,
      19,
      20,
      17,
      9
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      6,
      7,
      15,
      11,
      23,
      17,
      11,
      31,
      24,
      24,
      22,
      13
    ],
    "share": [
      0.8333,
      0.7143,
      0.9333,
      0.6364,
      0.913,
      0.8824,
      1,
      0.9355,
      0.7917,
      0.8333,
      0.7727,
      0.6923
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.4365,
        0.9699
      ],
      [
        0.3589,
        0.9178
      ],
      [
        0.7018,
        0.9881
      ],
      [
        0.3538,
        0.8483
      ],
      [
        0.732,
        0.9758
      ],
      [
        0.6566,
        0.9671
      ],
      [
        0.7412,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.7928,
        0.9821
      ],
      [
        0.5953,
        0.9076
      ],
      [
        0.6415,
        0.9332
      ],
      [
        0.5656,
        0.8988
      ],
      [
        0.4237,
        0.8732
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 7,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 78,
      "by_month": [
        0,
        2,
        3,
        5,
        4,
        3,
        3,
        18,
        14,
        14,
        8,
        4
      ],
      "share": [
        0,
        0.2857,
        0.2,
        0.4545,
        0.1739,
        0.1765,
        0.2727,
        0.5806,
        0.5833,
        0.5833,
        0.3636,
        0.3077
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0,
          0.3903
        ],
        [
          0.0822,
          0.6411
        ],
        [
          0.0705,
          0.4519
        ],
        [
          0.2127,
          0.7199
        ],
        [
          0.0698,
          0.3714
        ],
        [
          0.0619,
          0.4103
        ],
        [
          0.0975,
          0.5657
        ],
        [
          0.4077,
          0.7358
        ],
        [
          0.3883,
          0.7553
        ],
        [
          0.3883,
          0.7553
        ],
        [
          0.1973,
          0.5705
        ],
        [
          0.1268,
          0.5763
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 9
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "annual or perennial",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 17.5,
      "median": 22.6,
      "p95": 26.2
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 55.8,
      "median": 363.1,
      "p95": 487.1
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 25.3,
      "median": 29.7,
      "p95": 31.5
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 7.1,
      "median": 12.8,
      "p95": 23.1
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 807,
      "median": 1922.4,
      "p95": 4041.4
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 21.7,
      "median": 44.2,
      "p95": 96.8
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 55.5,
      "median": 152.7,
      "p95": 628.9
    },
    "n": 1225,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1225 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/fimbristylis-dichotoma/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}