Euphrasia subarctica (arctic eyebright)

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Euphrasia subarctica, photographed by Jason Grant — fig. a Jason Grant, CC BY 4.0 / 2021-07-16 / obs. 144045896

Euphrasia subarctica, photographed by Syd Cannings — fig. c Syd Cannings, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 43684825

Euphrasia subarctica, photographed by Donald Hampton — fig. f Donald Hampton, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 148785492

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 8 botanical countries

Native distribution of Euphrasia subarctica, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.

Region	TDWG code	Continent
Alaska	ASK	NORTHERN AMERICA
Alberta	ABT
British Columbia	BRC
Manitoba	MAN
Montana	MNT
Northwest Territories	NWT
Saskatchewan	SAS
Yukon	YUK

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 203 observations

Condition	5th percentile	Median	95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low	-27.4 °C	-19.6 °C	-13.5 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high	14.5 °C	19.1 °C	22.5 °C
Annual rainfall	343 mm	543 mm	1,042 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter	39 mm	61 mm	122 mm

It is found where winters are arctic. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 203 research-grade observations of Euphrasia subarctica that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 4 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

Euphrasia arctica var. dolosa (B.Boivin) B.Boivin
Euphrasia disjuncta var. dolosa B.Boivin
Euphrasia pennellii Callen
Euphrasia pennellii var. incana Callen

Sourcesevery claim on this page

World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.