Plate 1 figs. a–h · 7 observations
This species has been photographed under an open licence only 7 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.
Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.
Native range 48 botanical countries
| Region | TDWG code | Continent |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | AFG | ASIA-TEMPERATE |
| Altay | ALT | |
| Buryatiya | BRY | |
| China North-Central | CHN | |
| China South-Central | CHC | |
| Chita | CTA | |
| Inner Mongolia | CHI | |
| Iran | IRN | |
| Iraq | IRQ | |
| Irkutsk | IRK | |
| Japan | JAP | |
| Kazakhstan | KAZ | |
| Kirgizstan | KGZ | |
| Krasnoyarsk | KRA | |
| Kuril Is. | KUR | |
| Manchuria | CHM | |
| Mongolia | MON | |
| North Caucasus | NCS | |
| Qinghai | CHQ | |
| Tadzhikistan | TZK | |
| Transcaucasus | TCS | |
| Türkiye | TUR | |
| Tuva | TVA | |
| Uzbekistan | UZB | |
| West Siberia | WSB | |
| Xinjiang | CHX | |
| Yakutiya | YAK | |
| Albania | ALB | EUROPE |
| Austria | AUT | |
| Bulgaria | BUL | |
| Central European Russia | RUC | |
| Corse | COR | |
| Czechia-Slovakia | CZE | |
| East European Russia | RUE | |
| France | FRA | |
| Greece | GRC | |
| Hungary | HUN | |
| Italy | ITA | |
| Krym | KRY | |
| NW. Balkan Pen. | YUG | |
| Romania | ROM | |
| South European Russia | RUS | |
| Spain | SPA | |
| Switzerland | SWI | |
| Türkiye-in-Europe | TUE | |
| Ukraine | UKR | |
| Pakistan | PAK | ASIA-TROPICAL |
| West Himalaya | WHM |
Not drawn on the map: Kuril Is.. We hold no public-domain boundary for this region, so it is listed rather than guessed at.
Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.
Where it actually grows measured, from 122 observations
| Condition | 5th percentile | Median | 95th percentile |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coldest month, mean daily low | -28.1 °C | -19.0 °C | -4.2 °C |
| Warmest month, mean daily high | 16.7 °C | 22.4 °C | 25.8 °C |
| Annual rainfall | 261 mm | 545 mm | 1,070 mm |
| Rainfall in the driest quarter | 7 mm | 54 mm | 206 mm |
It is found where winters are arctic. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 122 research-grade observations of Euphrasia pectinata that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.
This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.
Also published as 45 synonyms
A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.
- Euphrasia bicknellii Wettst.
- Euphrasia cabrerae Sennen & Gonzalo
- Euphrasia cadevallii Sennen & Gonzalo
- Euphrasia caucasica Juz.
- Euphrasia cephalata f. longecuspidata Sennen
- Euphrasia georgica Kem.-Nath.
- Euphrasia gonzaloi Sennen
- Euphrasia imbricans N.Vodopianova
- Euphrasia imbricans Vodop.
- Euphrasia imbricata Sennen
- Euphrasia imbricata var. setulosa Sennen
- Euphrasia immaculatae-conceptionis Sennen & Gonzalo
- Euphrasia irenae Juz.
- Euphrasia kurdica Rech.f.
- Euphrasia majalis Jord.
- Euphrasia maximowiczii var. simplex Freyn
- Euphrasia nemorosa subsp. pectinata (Ten.) H.Marcailhou & A.Marcailhou
- Euphrasia nemorosa var. multiaculeata Sennen
- Euphrasia obtecta Chabert
- Euphrasia officinalis subsp. majalis (Jord.) Bonnier
- Euphrasia officinalis subsp. pectinata (Ten.) Arcang.
- Euphrasia orae-australis Juz.
- Euphrasia pectinata f. gracilior Sennen
- Euphrasia pectinata prol. imbricata Sennen
and 21 more.
Sourcesevery claim on this page
- World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
- iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
- Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.
We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.