Euphorbia agrariaM.Bieb.

urban spurge

WFO wfo-0000960576 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Euphorbia agraria, photographed by Иван Пристрем
fig. a Иван Пристрем, CC BY 4.0 / 2017-07-12 / obs. 203543081
Euphorbia agraria, photographed by Roman
fig. b Roman, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 141956383
Euphorbia agraria, photographed by Vladislav Isaev
fig. c Vladislav Isaev, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 203782477
Euphorbia agraria, photographed by Vladislav Isaev
fig. d Vladislav Isaev, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 133984408
Euphorbia agraria, photographed by Galyna Mykytynets
fig. e Galyna Mykytynets, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 131530423
Euphorbia agraria, photographed by Максим Шумских
fig. f Максим Шумских, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 79246642
Euphorbia agraria, photographed by Oleksii Vasyliuk
fig. g Oleksii Vasyliuk, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 175369796
Euphorbia agraria, photographed by Michael D. Pirie
fig. h Michael D. Pirie, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 50162069

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 15 botanical countries

Regions where Euphorbia agraria is native: Türkiye, Albania, Bulgaria, East European Russia, Greece, Hungary, Kriti, Krym, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Romania, South European Russia, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine TürkiyeAlbaniaBulgariaEast European RussiaGreeceHungaryKritiKrymNorwayNW. Balkan Pen.PolandRomaniaSouth European RussiaTürkiye-in-EuropeUkraine
Native distribution of Euphorbia agraria, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Albania ALB EUROPE
Bulgaria BUL
East European Russia RUE
Greece GRC
Hungary HUN
Kriti KRI
Krym KRY
Norway NOR
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Romania ROM
South European Russia RUS
Türkiye-in-Europe TUE
Ukraine UKR
Türkiye TUR ASIA-TEMPERATE

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 490 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -6.0 °C -3.2 °C 1.6 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 19.2 °C 25.8 °C 28.0 °C
Annual rainfall 449 mm 673 mm 1,039 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 87 mm 137 mm 205 mm

It is found where winters bring hard frost. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 490 research-grade observations of Euphorbia agraria that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 7 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Euphorbia agraria var. thyrsiflora (Griseb.) Nyman
  • Euphorbia agrorum Willd. ex Ledeb.
  • Euphorbia euboea Halácsy
  • Euphorbia nitens Trevir.
  • Euphorbia thyrsiflora Griseb.
  • Euphorbia transsilvanica Schur
  • Tithymalus agrarius (M.Bieb.) Klotzsch & Garcke

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.