Erysimum cheiranthoidesL.

treacle mustardtreacle-mustardwormseed mustardwormseed wallflower

WFO wfo-0000678580 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Erysimum cheiranthoides, photographed by Petr Harant
fig. a Petr Harant, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-02 / obs. 202881729
Erysimum cheiranthoides, photographed by Ian Whyte
fig. b Ian Whyte, CC0 1.0 / obs. 201091769
Erysimum cheiranthoides, photographed by Pavel Borodin
fig. c Pavel Borodin, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 198840820
Erysimum cheiranthoides, photographed by Anastasia_Surkova
fig. d Anastasia_Surkova, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 197825614
Erysimum cheiranthoides, photographed by Pavel Kacl
fig. e Pavel Kacl, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 196561792
Erysimum cheiranthoides, photographed by Tatiana Strus
fig. f Tatiana Strus, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 196000047
Erysimum cheiranthoides, photographed by Tatiana Strus
fig. g Tatiana Strus, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 195639743
Erysimum cheiranthoides, photographed by Dmitriy Bochkov
fig. h Dmitriy Bochkov, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 194986119

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 53 botanical countries

Regions where Erysimum cheiranthoides is native: Altay, Amur, Buryatiya, China North-Central, China South-Central, Chita, Inner Mongolia, Irkutsk, Japan, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kuril Is., Magadan, Manchuria, Mongolia, North Caucasus, Primorye, Sakhalin, Transcaucasus, Tuva, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yakutiya, West Himalaya, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Netherlands, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Romania, South European Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine AltayAmurBuryatiyaChina North-CentralChina South-CentralChitaInner MongoliaIrkutskJapanKamchatkaKazakhstanKhabarovskKirgizstanKrasnoyarskMagadanManchuriaMongoliaNorth CaucasusPrimoryeSakhalinTranscaucasusTuvaWest SiberiaXinjiangYakutiyaWest HimalayaAustriaBaltic StatesBelarusBelgiumBulgariaCentral European RussiaCzechia-SlovakiaDenmarkEast European RussiaFinlandFranceGermanyHungaryIcelandNetherlandsNorth European RussiaNorthwest European RussiaNorwayNW. Balkan Pen.PolandRomaniaSouth European RussiaSwedenSwitzerlandUkraine Korea
Native distribution of Erysimum cheiranthoides, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Altay ALT ASIA-TEMPERATE
Amur AMU
Buryatiya BRY
China North-Central CHN
China South-Central CHC
Chita CTA
Inner Mongolia CHI
Irkutsk IRK
Japan JAP
Kamchatka KAM
Kazakhstan KAZ
Khabarovsk KHA
Kirgizstan KGZ
Korea KOR
Krasnoyarsk KRA
Kuril Is. KUR
Magadan MAG
Manchuria CHM
Mongolia MON
North Caucasus NCS
Primorye PRM
Sakhalin SAK
Transcaucasus TCS
Tuva TVA
West Siberia WSB
Xinjiang CHX
Yakutiya YAK
Austria AUT EUROPE
Baltic States BLT
Belarus BLR
Belgium BGM
Bulgaria BUL
Central European Russia RUC
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
Denmark DEN
East European Russia RUE
Finland FIN
France FRA
Germany GER
Hungary HUN
Iceland ICE
Netherlands NET
North European Russia RUN
Northwest European Russia RUW
Norway NOR
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Romania ROM
South European Russia RUS
Sweden SWE
Switzerland SWI
Ukraine UKR
West Himalaya WHM ASIA-TROPICAL

Not drawn on the map: Kuril Is.. We hold no public-domain boundary for this region, so it is listed rather than guessed at.

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 840 in flower of 869 examined

Peak flowering in Jul. Each bar is the share of Erysimum cheiranthoides observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 840 of 869 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 3 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 2,012 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -22.8 °C -10.9 °C -3.4 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 19.9 °C 23.0 °C 25.9 °C
Annual rainfall 474 mm 670 mm 1,116 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 49 mm 108 mm 227 mm

It is found where winters are severely cold. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 2,012 research-grade observations of Erysimum cheiranthoides that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 27 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Cheiranthus aquaticus Lej.
  • Cheiranthus cheiranthoides A.Heller
  • Cheiranthus cheiranthoides var. prostratus Lunell
  • Cheiranthus erysimoides Huds.
  • Cheiranthus scapigerus Willd.
  • Cheiranthus turritoides Lam.
  • Cheirinia cheiranthoides (L.) Link
  • Cheirinia cheiranthoides var. prostrata Lunell
  • Conringia turritoides Bubani
  • Crucifera erysimum E.H.L.Krause
  • Erysimastrum cheiranthus Trautv.
  • Erysimum altum (Ahti) Tzvelev
  • Erysimum brevifolium C.H.An
  • Erysimum cheiranthifolium Gilib.
  • Erysimum cheiranthoides f. angustifolium N.Busch
  • Erysimum cheiranthoides f. brachycarpum N.Busch
  • Erysimum cheiranthoides f. dentatum N.Busch
  • Erysimum cheiranthoides f. dolichocarpum N.Busch
  • Erysimum cheiranthoides f. paniculatum (Regel) N.Busch
  • Erysimum cheiranthoides subsp. nodosum (Fr.) Á.Löve & D.Löve
  • Erysimum cheiranthoides var. japonicum H.Boissieu
  • Erysimum cheiranthoides var. nodosum Fr.
  • Erysimum japonicum (Boiss.) Makino
  • Erysimum lanceolatum Hook.

and 3 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.