{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/elymus-violaceus/",
  "last_modified": "2024-06-04",
  "id": {
    "slug": "elymus-violaceus",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000866848",
    "inat_taxon_id": 61202
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Elymus violaceus",
    "authorship": "(Hornem.) J.Feilberg",
    "genus": "Elymus",
    "epithet": "violaceus",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Meddel. Grønland, Biosci. 15: 12 (1984)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:942109-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "slender wheatgrass",
      "english": [
        "slender wheatgrass"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Agropyron andinum",
        "authorship": "Rydb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron atbassaricum",
        "authorship": "Golosk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron biflorum subsp. andinum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Piper"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron biflorum subsp. latiglume",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Piper"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron biflorum var. hornemannii",
        "authorship": "B.Fedtsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron biflorum var. latiglume",
        "authorship": "Piper"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron brevifolium",
        "authorship": "Scribn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninoides",
        "authorship": "(Ramaley) Beal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninoides var. pubescens",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum f. ciliatum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum f. fernaldii",
        "authorship": "Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum f. glaucum",
        "authorship": "Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum f. pilosifolium",
        "authorship": "Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum f. pringlei",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum f. pubescens",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum f. violacescens",
        "authorship": "Ramaley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum subsp. latiglume",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum subsp. majus",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) C.L.Hitchc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum var. andinum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum var. hornemannii",
        "authorship": "Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum var. latiglume",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) C.L.Hitchc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum var. latiglume",
        "authorship": "Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum var. mitchellii",
        "authorship": "S.L.Welsh"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum var. pubescens",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum var. richardsonii",
        "authorship": "(Schrad.) M.E.Jones"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum var. tenerum",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Pease & A.H.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron caninum var. unilaterale",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron gmelinii var. pringlei",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron latiglume",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Rydb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron latiglume var. alboviride",
        "authorship": "Hultén"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron latiglume var. andinum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron latiglume var. pilosiglume",
        "authorship": "Hultén"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron novae-angliae",
        "authorship": "Scribn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pauciflorum",
        "authorship": "(Schwein.) Hitchc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pauciflorum subsp. majus",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Melderis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pauciflorum subsp. novae-angliae",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) Melderis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pauciflorum subsp. teslinense",
        "authorship": "(A.E.Porsild & Senn) Melderis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pringlei",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Hitchc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pseudorepens var. magnum",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron pseudorepens var. sennii",
        "authorship": "B.Boivin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron repens var. novae-angliae",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron repens var. tenerum",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Beal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron richardsonii",
        "authorship": "(Schrad.) Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron richardsonii var. ciliatum",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron spicatum var. pringlei",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) M.E.Jones"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron subsecundum",
        "authorship": "(Link) Hitchc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron subsecundum var. andinum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Hitchc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron tenerum",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron tenerum subsp. magnum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Piper"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron tenerum subsp. majus",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Piper"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron tenerum var. ciliatum",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron tenerum var. longifolium",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron tenerum var. magnum",
        "authorship": "Piper"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron tenerum var. novae-angliae",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) Farw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron tenerum var. trichocoleum",
        "authorship": "Piper"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron teslinense",
        "authorship": "A.E.Porsild & Senn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulon",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum",
        "authorship": "(Link) Malte ex H.F.Lewis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum f. andinum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum f. caninoides",
        "authorship": "(Ramaley) B.Boivin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum f. ciliatum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Gleason"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. caerulescens",
        "authorship": "Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. ciliatum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. fernaldii",
        "authorship": "(Pease & A.H.Moore) Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. glaucescens",
        "authorship": "Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. glaucum",
        "authorship": "(Pease & A.H.Moore) Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. hirsutum",
        "authorship": "Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. latiglume",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. majus",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. novae-angliae",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. pilosiglume",
        "authorship": "Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. richardsonii",
        "authorship": "(Schrad.) Malte ex H.F.Lewis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. tenerum",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. trichocoleum",
        "authorship": "Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron trachycaulum var. unilaterale",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Malte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron unilaterale",
        "authorship": "Cassidy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron violacescens",
        "authorship": "(Ramaley) Beal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron violaceum",
        "authorship": "(Hornem.) Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron violaceum f. caninoides",
        "authorship": "Ramaley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron violaceum subsp. andinum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Melderis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron violaceum var. andinum",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron violaceum var. latiglume",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & J.G.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron violaceum var. majus",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron violaceum var. virescens",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crithopyrum trachycaulum",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cryptopyrum richardsonii",
        "authorship": "Heynh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus alaskanus subsp. latiglumis",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus charkeviczii",
        "authorship": "Prob."
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus donianus subsp. subsecundus",
        "authorship": "(Link) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus donianus subsp. virescens",
        "authorship": "(Lange) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus kamczadalorum",
        "authorship": "(Nevski) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus novae-angliae",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus pauciflorus",
        "authorship": "(Schwein.) Gould"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus pauciflorus subsp. subsecundus",
        "authorship": "(Link) Gould"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus pringlei",
        "authorship": "Scribn. & Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus sierrae",
        "authorship": "Gould"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus subsecundus",
        "authorship": "(Link) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus",
        "authorship": "(Link) Gould"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus f. andinum",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. andinus",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. glaucus",
        "authorship": "(Pease & A.H.Moore) Cody"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. kamczadalorum",
        "authorship": "(Nevski) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. latiglumis",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Barkworth & D.R.Dewey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. major",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. novae-angliae",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. sierrus",
        "authorship": "(Gould) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. stefanssonii",
        "authorship": "(Melderis) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. subsecundus",
        "authorship": "(Link) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. teslinensis",
        "authorship": "(A.E.Porsild & Senn) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. violaceus",
        "authorship": "(Hornem.) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus subsp. virescens",
        "authorship": "(Lange) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus var. andinus",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Dorn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus var. latiglume",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus var. majus",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus var. unilateralis",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus trachycaulus var. violaceus",
        "authorship": "(Hornem.) S.L.Welsh"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus violaceus subsp. andinus",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus violaceus subsp. latiglumis",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria doniana var. stefanssonii",
        "authorship": "Melderis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria kamczadalorum",
        "authorship": "Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria latiglumis",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria novae-angliae",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) Jurtzev & V.V.Petrovsky"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria pauciflora",
        "authorship": "(Schwein.) Hyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria subsecunda",
        "authorship": "(Link) Melderis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria trachycaulon",
        "authorship": "(Link) Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria violacea",
        "authorship": "(Hornem.) Melderis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria virescens",
        "authorship": "(Lange) Böcher, Holmen & Jakobsen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum biflorum var. hornemannii",
        "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum caninum var. violaceum",
        "authorship": "(Hornem.) Laest."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum latiglume",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. & J.G.Sm.) F.Herm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum pauciflorum",
        "authorship": "Schwein."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum repens var. tenerum",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum repens var. violaceum",
        "authorship": "(Hornem.) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum richardsonii",
        "authorship": "Schrad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum subsecundum",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum trachycaulum",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum violaceum",
        "authorship": "Hornem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Zeia richardsonii",
        "authorship": "(Schrad.) Lunell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zeia tenera",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Lunell"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
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        "attribution": "Owen McElroy, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
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  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
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    "codes": [
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      "VRG",
      "WAS",
      "WVA",
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      "WYO",
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    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "KAM",
        "name": "Kamchatka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAG",
        "name": "Magadan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "YAK",
        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASK",
        "name": "Alaska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ABT",
        "name": "Alberta",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "BRC",
        "name": "British Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAL",
        "name": "California",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "COL",
        "name": "Colorado",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "CNT",
        "name": "Connecticut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "GNL",
        "name": "Greenland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "IDA",
        "name": "Idaho",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ILL",
        "name": "Illinois",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "INI",
        "name": "Indiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IOW",
        "name": "Iowa",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KAN",
        "name": "Kansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KTY",
        "name": "Kentucky",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LAB",
        "name": "Labrador",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAI",
        "name": "Maine",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAN",
        "name": "Manitoba",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRY",
        "name": "Maryland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAS",
        "name": "Massachusetts",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIN",
        "name": "Minnesota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MNT",
        "name": "Montana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEB",
        "name": "Nebraska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEV",
        "name": "Nevada",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NBR",
        "name": "New Brunswick",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWH",
        "name": "New Hampshire",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWJ",
        "name": "New Jersey",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWM",
        "name": "New Mexico",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NFL",
        "name": "Newfoundland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCA",
        "name": "North Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NDA",
        "name": "North Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWT",
        "name": "Northwest Territories",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSC",
        "name": "Nova Scotia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NUN",
        "name": "Nunavut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "OHI",
        "name": "Ohio",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ORE",
        "name": "Oregon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEI",
        "name": "Prince Edward I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "RHO",
        "name": "Rhode I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SAS",
        "name": "Saskatchewan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCA",
        "name": "South Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SDA",
        "name": "South Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "UTA",
        "name": "Utah",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VRG",
        "name": "Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WAS",
        "name": "Washington",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WVA",
        "name": "West Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WIS",
        "name": "Wisconsin",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WYO",
        "name": "Wyoming",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "YUK",
        "name": "Yukon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 17,
    "n_annotated": 38,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": -7,
      "median": -3.6,
      "p95": -0.2
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 676.6,
      "median": 868.9,
      "p95": 1314.8
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 12.4,
      "median": 15.7,
      "p95": 19.9
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -28.3,
      "median": -20,
      "p95": -13.9
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 445.8,
      "median": 1087.7,
      "p95": 1538.5
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 23.1,
      "median": 47.7,
      "p95": 62.8
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 50.6,
      "median": 148.2,
      "p95": 296.7
    },
    "n": 35,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 35 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol ELTR7",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/elymus-violaceus/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}