{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/elymus-ciliaris/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "elymus-ciliaris",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000866123",
    "inat_taxon_id": 774312
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Elymus ciliaris",
    "authorship": "(Trin.) Tzvelev",
    "genus": "Elymus",
    "epithet": "ciliaris",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 61 (1972)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:400209-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "wildrye",
      "english": [
        "wildrye"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Agropyron amurense",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Franch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare f. hackelianum",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Y.N.Lee"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare f. japonense",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare f. macilentum",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare f. mite",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare f. okuyamae",
        "authorship": "Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare f. submuticum",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare subsp. amurense",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) T.Koyama"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare subsp. minor",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) T.Koyama"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare var. hackelianum",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare var. hondae",
        "authorship": "Keng"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare var. integrum",
        "authorship": "Keng"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare var. lasiophyllum",
        "authorship": "Kitag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare var. minor",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare var. minus",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare var. pauperum",
        "authorship": "Keng"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare var. pilosum",
        "authorship": "(Korsh.) Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron ciliare var. submuticum",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron hackelianum",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron integrum",
        "authorship": "(Keng) Keng"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron japonense",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron japonense var. hackelianum",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron japonense var. macilentum",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron japonicum",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) P.Candargy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron japonicum",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron japonicum var. hackelianum",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron mite",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron racemiferum",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron semicostatum var. ciliare",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agropyron semicostatum var. hispidum",
        "authorship": "Hack. ex T.Mori"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brachypodium chinense",
        "authorship": "S.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brachypodium ciliare",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Maxim."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brachypodium japonicum",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brachypodium japonicum var. minor",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brachypodium japonicum var. minus",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus conformis",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus racemifer",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus amurensis",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Czerep."
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris subsp. amurensis",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris subsp. integris",
        "authorship": "(Keng) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris subsp. japonicus",
        "authorship": "Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris var. amurensis",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) S.L.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris var. ciliaris",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris var. hackelianus",
        "authorship": "(Honda) G.H.Zhu & S.L.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris var. hirtiflorus",
        "authorship": "(C.P.Wang & X.L.Yang) S.L.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris var. japonensis",
        "authorship": "(Honda) S.L.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris var. lasiophyllus",
        "authorship": "(Kitag.) S.L.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris var. lasiophyllus",
        "authorship": "(Kitag.) Kitag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus ciliaris var. submuticus",
        "authorship": "(Honda) S.L.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus racemifer",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus racemifer var. japonensis",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Osada"
      },
      {
        "name": "Elymus sinohirtiflorus",
        "authorship": "S.L.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria amurensis",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria amurensis var. hirtiflora",
        "authorship": "(C.P.Wang & H.L.Yang) L.B.Cai"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria ciliaris",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria ciliaris f. eriocaulis",
        "authorship": "Kitag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria ciliaris subsp. amurensis",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Y.H.Zhou, H.Q.Yu & X.H.Wei"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria ciliaris var. hackeliana",
        "authorship": "(Honda) L.B.Cai"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria ciliaris var. japonensis",
        "authorship": "(Honda) C.Yen, J.L.Yang & B.Rong Lu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria ciliaris var. lasiophylla",
        "authorship": "(Kitag.) Kitag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria ciliaris var. pilosa",
        "authorship": "Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria ciliaris var. submutica",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Keng & S.L.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria hackeliana",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Nakai"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria hirtiflora",
        "authorship": "C.P.Wang & X.L.Yang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria japonensis",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Keng & S.L.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria japonensis var. hackeliana",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Keng & S.L.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria japonica",
        "authorship": "B.S.Sun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria racemifera",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Kitag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roegneria racemifera var. hackeliana",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Kitag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum ciliare",
        "authorship": "Trin. ex Bunge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triticum ciliare f. pilosum",
        "authorship": "Korsh."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 4,
    "usable_found": 4,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY-SA"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
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        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
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        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "harum.koh",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/harumkoh",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4887fb7d-fd3e-4b83-8cce-1c24410f1e55",
        "observed_on": "2021-05-03",
        "lat": 35.159,
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        "attribution": "harum.koh, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
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        "photo_id": 105624970,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
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        "creator": "bat (Maria Vorontsova)",
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        "observed_on": "2018-06-28",
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        },
        "attribution": "bat (Maria Vorontsova), CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
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        "photo_id": 125758671,
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        "creator": "harum.koh",
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        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
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        "attribution": "harum.koh, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
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    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "CHN",
      "CHC",
      "CHS",
      "CHI",
      "JAP",
      "KHA",
      "KOR",
      "CHM",
      "MON",
      "NNS",
      "PRM",
      "TAI",
      "ASS"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHI",
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KHA",
        "name": "Khabarovsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHM",
        "name": "Manchuria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NNS",
        "name": "Nansei-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PRM",
        "name": "Primorye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": null,
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "climate_envelope",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/elymus-ciliaris/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}