Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations
Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.
The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection
- Herbarium
- The New York Botanical Garden
- Accession
- 328822
- Filed as
- Orthopogon dichotomus Llanos
- Det. by
- not recorded on this sheet
- Collected
- E. D. Merrill 1914-12
- Origin
- PH
- The sheet
- View the digitised specimen (CC BY 4.0)
A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.
Native range 103 botanical countries
Not drawn on the map: Socotra, Ogasawara-shoto. We hold no public-domain boundary for these regions, so they are listed rather than guessed at.
Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.
Where it actually grows measured, from 2,011 observations
| Condition | 5th percentile | Median | 95th percentile |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coldest month, mean daily low | 3.0 °C | 12.4 °C | 21.6 °C |
| Warmest month, mean daily high | 27.1 °C | 30.5 °C | 38.3 °C |
| Annual rainfall | 294 mm | 1,312 mm | 3,755 mm |
| Rainfall in the driest quarter | 4 mm | 117 mm | 616 mm |
It is found where winters are cool but frost is light or absent. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 2,011 research-grade observations of Echinochloa colona that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.
This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.
Also published as 87 synonyms
A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.
- Brachiaria longifolia Gilli
- Chamaeraphis brachiariiformis (Steud.) Kuntze
- Digitaria cuspidata (Roxb.) Schult.
- Echinochloa colonum f. vivipara Beetle
- Echinochloa colonum f. zonalis (Guss.) Wiegand
- Echinochloa colonum var. equitans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cufod.
- Echinochloa colonum var. frumentacea (Link) Ridl.
- Echinochloa colonum var. glauca (Sickenb.) Simpson
- Echinochloa colonum var. glauca (Sickenb.) N.D.Simpson
- Echinochloa colonum var. glaucum (Sickenb.) Simps.
- Echinochloa colonum var. glomerulosa Lojac.
- Echinochloa colonum var. leiantha Boiss.
- Echinochloa colonum var. repens (Sickenb.) Simpson
- Echinochloa colonum var. repens (Sickenb.) N.D.Simpson
- Echinochloa colonum var. zonalis (Guss.) Wooton & Stand.
- Echinochloa colonum var. zonalis (Guss.) Wooton & Standl.
- Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) Honda
- Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. edulis Honda
- Echinochloa crus-galli var. edulis Hitchc.
- Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea (Link) W.F.Wright
- Echinochloa crus-galli var. longiseta (Trin.) H.Hara
- Echinochloa divaricata Andersson
- Echinochloa equitans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) C.E.Hubb.
- Echinochloa frumentacea Link
and 63 more.
Sourcesevery claim on this page
- World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
- iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
- Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
- Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.
We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.