Dryopteris villarii

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 6 observations

This species has been photographed under an open licence only 6 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.

Dryopteris villarii, photographed by Josip Skejo — fig. a Josip Skejo, CC BY 4.0 / 2021-08-04 / obs. 158133269

Dryopteris villarii, photographed by Daniel Linzbauer — fig. b Daniel Linzbauer, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 143942878

Dryopteris villarii, photographed by Felicia Seichter — fig. c Felicia Seichter, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 95398664

Dryopteris villarii, photographed by Étienne Léveillé-Bourret — fig. d Étienne Léveillé-Bourret, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 44831333

Dryopteris villarii, photographed by Christian Berg — fig. e Christian Berg, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 80849750

Dryopteris villarii, photographed by Fabien Anthelme — fig. g Fabien Anthelme, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 163056260

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 10 botanical countries

Native distribution of Dryopteris villarii, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.

Region	TDWG code	Continent
Albania	ALB	EUROPE
Austria	AUT
Bulgaria	BUL
Germany	GER
Greece	GRC
Italy	ITA
NW. Balkan Pen.	YUG
Switzerland	SWI
North Caucasus	NCS	ASIA-TEMPERATE
Transcaucasus	TCS

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Also published as 31 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

Aspidium fragrans Gray
Aspidium fragrans (Vill.) Gray
Aspidium rigidum Sw.
Aspidium rigidum f. fallax Milde
Aspidium rigidum var. germanicum Christ
Dryopteris rigida (Sw.) A.Gray
Dryopteris rigida (Sw.) Underw.
Dryopteris villarii f. fallax (Milde) Niketić
Dryopteris villarii var. australis (Ten.) Diklić & V.Nikolić
Filix rigida Farw.
Filix rigida (Sw.) Farw.
Filix-mas rigida Farw.
Filix-mas rigida (Sw.) Farw.
Hypodematium nivale Fée
Lastrea rigida (Sw.) C.Presl
Lophodium fragrans Newman
Lophodium rigidum Newman
Nephrodium meridionale Rouy
Nephrodium rigidum Desv.
Nephrodium rigidum var. germanicum (Christ) Rouy
Nephrodium villarii (Bellardi) Beck
Nephrodium villarii subsp. rigidum (Hoffm.) Hayek
Nephrodium villarsii (Bellardi) Beck
Polypodium asplenioides Scop.

and 7 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.