Plate 1 figs. a–h
Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.
Confused withby our own model
These are not lookalikes we guessed at. Each one is a species our identification model genuinely mistook for this plant, and how many times. The error rate is published.
Also published as 13 synonyms
A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.
- Aspidium argutum Kaulf.
- Aspidium rigidum var. argutum (Kaulf.) D.C.Eaton
- Dryopteris arguta (Kaulf.) Maxon
- Dryopteris arguta f. bella Ewan
- Dryopteris arguta f. cristata Ewan
- Dryopteris arguta f. flocculosa Ewan
- Dryopteris arguta f. nudata Ewan
- Dryopteris rigida var. arguta Underw.
- Filix rigida var. arguta Farw.
- Lastrea arguta Brack.
- Nephrodium argutum Diels
- Nephrodium rigidum var. americanum Hook.
- Thelypteris arguta Moxley
Sourcesevery claim on this page
- World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
- iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.