{
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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/diplachne-fusca-l-p-beauv/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "diplachne-fusca-l-p-beauv",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001096255",
    "inat_taxon_id": 1377294
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Diplachne fusca",
    "authorship": "(L.) P.Beauv.",
    "genus": "Diplachne",
    "epithet": "fusca",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": true,
    "published_in": "Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 2: 615 (1817)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60458632-2",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Malabar sprangletop",
      "english": [
        "Malabar sprangletop"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Atropis carinata",
        "authorship": "Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brizopyrum uninervium",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) E.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus poiformis",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus polystachios",
        "authorship": "Forssk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus polystachyus",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Centotheca malabarica",
        "authorship": "(L.) Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cynodon fascicularis",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Raspail"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diachroa procumbens",
        "authorship": "(Muhl.) Nutt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Digitaria malabarica",
        "authorship": "(L.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne acuminata",
        "authorship": "Nash"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne alba",
        "authorship": "Hochst. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne amboensis",
        "authorship": "Roiv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne amboensis var. plurinodis",
        "authorship": "Roiv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne capensis",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne capensis var. pauciflora",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne carinata",
        "authorship": "(Griseb.) Hack. ex Kurtz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne cuspidata",
        "authorship": "Launert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne fascicularis",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne festuciformis",
        "authorship": "H.Scholz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne fusca var. alba",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Chiov."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne fusca var. fascicularis",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne fusca var. lutescens",
        "authorship": "Probst & Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne fusca var. macrotricha",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne fusca var. muelleri",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) J.M.Black"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne fusca var. uninervia",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne imbricata",
        "authorship": "(Thurb.) Scribn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne indica",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne livida",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne malabarica",
        "authorship": "(L.) Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne maritima",
        "authorship": "E.P.Bicknell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne muelleri",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne nigrescens",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne pallida",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne parviflora",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne patens",
        "authorship": "E.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne polystachya",
        "authorship": "Backer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne procumbens",
        "authorship": "(Muhl.) Nash"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne procumbens",
        "authorship": "Arechav."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne reptatrix",
        "authorship": "(L.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne tarapacana",
        "authorship": "Phil."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne tracyi",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne uninervia",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Parodi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne uninervia f. abbreviata",
        "authorship": "Parodi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne uninervia var. procumbens",
        "authorship": "(Arechav.) Parodi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne verticillata",
        "authorship": "Nees & Meyen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne virens",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Parodi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplachne wahlbergii",
        "authorship": "Roiv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Eragrostis procera",
        "authorship": "(Roxb.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Eragrostis uninervia",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca aquatica",
        "authorship": "Bosc ex Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca brownii",
        "authorship": "F.Muell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca clandestina",
        "authorship": "Muhl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca digitata",
        "authorship": "Brouss. ex Hornem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca fascicularis",
        "authorship": "Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca fusca",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca glycerioides",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca indica",
        "authorship": "Retz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca multiflora",
        "authorship": "Walter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca nigrescens",
        "authorship": "(Desv.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca polystachya",
        "authorship": "Michx."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca procumbens",
        "authorship": "Muhl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca prostrata",
        "authorship": "Muhl. ex Scribn. & Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca reptatrix",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca texana",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Festuca thouinii",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hemigymnia malabarica",
        "authorship": "(L.) Henrard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa acuminata",
        "authorship": "(Nash) Mohlenbr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa contracta",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Blatt. & McCann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa fascicularis",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa fascicularis var. acuminata",
        "authorship": "(Nash) Gleason"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa fascicularis var. maritima",
        "authorship": "(E.P.Bicknell) Gleason"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa fusca",
        "authorship": "(L.) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa fusca subsp. fascicularis",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) N.Snow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa fusca subsp. muelleri",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) N.Snow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa fusca subsp. uninervia",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) N.Snow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa ginae",
        "authorship": "Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa imbricata",
        "authorship": "Thurb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa malabarica",
        "authorship": "(L.) Veldkamp"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa maritima",
        "authorship": "(E.P.Bicknell) LeBlond & Sorrie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa muelleri",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Stace"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa parviflora",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Verloove & Lambinon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa polystachya",
        "authorship": "(Michx.) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa tracyi",
        "authorship": "(Vasey) Beal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa uninervia",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Hitchc. & Chase"
      },
      {
        "name": "Leptochloa virletii",
        "authorship": "E.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Megastachya uninervia",
        "authorship": "J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ottochloa malabarica",
        "authorship": "(L.) Dandy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Panicum malabaricum",
        "authorship": "(L.) Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa contracta",
        "authorship": "Retz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa fusca",
        "authorship": "(L.) Desf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa malabarica",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa procera",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa uninervia",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Puccinellia carinata",
        "authorship": "(Griseb.) Ponert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntherisma malabaricum",
        "authorship": "(L.) Sw. ex Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tridens capensis",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tridens duartei",
        "authorship": "Catasús"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tridens indicus",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tridens veralensis",
        "authorship": "Catasús"
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      {
        "name": "Tridens verticillata",
        "authorship": "Meyen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tridens virens",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triodia ambigua",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Triodia formosana",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triodia parviflora",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Uralepis alba",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Uralepis anderssonii",
        "authorship": "F.Aresch."
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      {
        "name": "Uralepis capensis",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Kunth"
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      {
        "name": "Uralepis composita",
        "authorship": "Buckley"
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      {
        "name": "Uralepis drummondii",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Uralepis fusca",
        "authorship": "(L.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Uralepis livida",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Uralepis verticillata",
        "authorship": "(Nees & Meyen) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Uralepis virens",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Kunth"
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        "attribution": "葉子, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALG",
      "ANG",
      "BOT",
      "BUR",
      "CNY",
      "CPP",
      "CPV",
      "CHA",
      "ZAI",
      "DJI",
      "EGY",
      "SWZ",
      "ETH",
      "OFS",
      "GAM",
      "KEN",
      "NAT",
      "MDG",
      "MLW",
      "MLI",
      "MTN",
      "MOR",
      "MOZ",
      "NAM",
      "NGR",
      "NGA",
      "TVL",
      "SEN",
      "SOM",
      "SUD",
      "TAN",
      "UGA",
      "WSA",
      "ZAM",
      "ZIM",
      "AFG",
      "CHN",
      "CHC",
      "CHS",
      "GST",
      "CHH",
      "IRN",
      "IRQ",
      "JAP",
      "KUW",
      "LBS",
      "CHM",
      "OMA",
      "PAL",
      "SAU",
      "TAI",
      "YEM",
      "BAN",
      "BOR",
      "CBD",
      "IND",
      "JAW",
      "LAO",
      "MLY",
      "MYA",
      "NWG",
      "PAK",
      "PHI",
      "SRL",
      "SUM",
      "THA",
      "VIE",
      "NSW",
      "NTA",
      "QLD",
      "SOA",
      "VIC",
      "WAU",
      "ALA",
      "ARI",
      "ARK",
      "CAL",
      "COL",
      "CNT",
      "DEL",
      "WDC",
      "FLA",
      "IDA",
      "ILL",
      "INI",
      "IOW",
      "KAN",
      "KTY",
      "LOU",
      "MAI",
      "MRY",
      "MAS",
      "MXC",
      "MXG",
      "MXE",
      "MXN",
      "MXT",
      "MXS",
      "MIC",
      "MIN",
      "MSI",
      "MSO",
      "MNT",
      "NEB",
      "NEV",
      "NWH",
      "NWJ",
      "NWM",
      "NWY",
      "NCA",
      "NDA",
      "OHI",
      "OKL",
      "ONT",
      "ORE",
      "PEN",
      "QUE",
      "RHO",
      "SCA",
      "SDA",
      "TEN",
      "TEX",
      "UTA",
      "VER",
      "VRG",
      "WAS",
      "WVA",
      "WYO",
      "AGE",
      "AGW",
      "AGS",
      "BAH",
      "BLZ",
      "BOL",
      "BZN",
      "BZE",
      "BZS",
      "BZL",
      "BZC",
      "CAY",
      "CLN",
      "CLM",
      "COS",
      "CUB",
      "DOM",
      "ECU",
      "HAI",
      "HON",
      "JAM",
      "LEE",
      "NLA",
      "NIC",
      "PAR",
      "PER",
      "PUE",
      "TCI",
      "VEN",
      "WIN"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALG",
        "name": "Algeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ANG",
        "name": "Angola",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOT",
        "name": "Botswana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUR",
        "name": "Burundi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CNY",
        "name": "Canary Is.",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CPP",
        "name": "Cape Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CPV",
        "name": "Caprivi Strip",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHA",
        "name": "Chad",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAI",
        "name": "DR Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "DJI",
        "name": "Djibouti",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "EGY",
        "name": "Egypt",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWZ",
        "name": "Eswatini",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "OFS",
        "name": "Free State",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAM",
        "name": "Gambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAT",
        "name": "KwaZulu-Natal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLW",
        "name": "Malawi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLI",
        "name": "Mali",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MTN",
        "name": "Mauritania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAM",
        "name": "Namibia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGR",
        "name": "Niger",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGA",
        "name": "Nigeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEN",
        "name": "Senegal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOM",
        "name": "Somalia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSA",
        "name": "Western Sahara",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "GST",
        "name": "Gulf States",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHH",
        "name": "Hainan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRQ",
        "name": "Iraq",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KUW",
        "name": "Kuwait",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBS",
        "name": "Lebanon-Syria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHM",
        "name": "Manchuria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "OMA",
        "name": "Oman",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAL",
        "name": "Palestine",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAU",
        "name": "Saudi Arabia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "YEM",
        "name": "Yemen",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOR",
        "name": "Borneo",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CBD",
        "name": "Cambodia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOA",
        "name": "South Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIC",
        "name": "Victoria",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAU",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALA",
        "name": "Alabama",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ARK",
        "name": "Arkansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "CAL",
        "name": "California",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "COL",
        "name": "Colorado",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "CNT",
        "name": "Connecticut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "DEL",
        "name": "Delaware",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WDC",
        "name": "District of Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "FLA",
        "name": "Florida",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IDA",
        "name": "Idaho",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ILL",
        "name": "Illinois",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "INI",
        "name": "Indiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IOW",
        "name": "Iowa",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KAN",
        "name": "Kansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KTY",
        "name": "Kentucky",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LOU",
        "name": "Louisiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAI",
        "name": "Maine",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MRY",
        "name": "Maryland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAS",
        "name": "Massachusetts",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIN",
        "name": "Minnesota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSI",
        "name": "Mississippi",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSO",
        "name": "Missouri",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MNT",
        "name": "Montana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEB",
        "name": "Nebraska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEV",
        "name": "Nevada",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWH",
        "name": "New Hampshire",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWJ",
        "name": "New Jersey",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWM",
        "name": "New Mexico",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NCA",
        "name": "North Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NDA",
        "name": "North Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "OHI",
        "name": "Ohio",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "OKL",
        "name": "Oklahoma",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ORE",
        "name": "Oregon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "RHO",
        "name": "Rhode I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SCA",
        "name": "South Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SDA",
        "name": "South Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEN",
        "name": "Tennessee",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "UTA",
        "name": "Utah",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VRG",
        "name": "Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WAS",
        "name": "Washington",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WVA",
        "name": "West Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WYO",
        "name": "Wyoming",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "AGE",
        "name": "Argentina Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGW",
        "name": "Argentina Northwest",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGS",
        "name": "Argentina South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAH",
        "name": "Bahamas",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLZ",
        "name": "Belize",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZE",
        "name": "Brazil Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZS",
        "name": "Brazil South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZL",
        "name": "Brazil Southeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAY",
        "name": "Cayman Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLN",
        "name": "Chile North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAM",
        "name": "Jamaica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "LEE",
        "name": "Leeward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NLA",
        "name": "Netherlands Antilles",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAR",
        "name": "Paraguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PUE",
        "name": "Puerto Rico",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCI",
        "name": "Turks-Caicos Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "WIN",
        "name": "Windward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 15,
    "n_annotated": 21,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "annual or perennial",
    "climate": "seasonally dry tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 13,
      "median": 22.7,
      "p95": 24.7
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 275.2,
      "median": 413.3,
      "p95": 910.7
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 26.5,
      "median": 30.5,
      "p95": 41.7
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -4.1,
      "median": 10.5,
      "p95": 16.2
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 96.7,
      "median": 942.3,
      "p95": 2469.5
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 22.1,
      "median": 78.3,
      "p95": 111.5
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 2.8,
      "median": 65.4,
      "p95": 244.1
    },
    "n": 553,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 553 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol LEFU21",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/diplachne-fusca-l-p-beauv/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}