{
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  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/dieffenbachia-seguine/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "dieffenbachia-seguine",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000943374",
    "inat_taxon_id": 206266
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Dieffenbachia seguine",
    "authorship": "(Jacq.) Schott",
    "genus": "Dieffenbachia",
    "epithet": "seguine",
    "family": "Araceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Melet. Bot. : 20 (1832)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:86911-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "dumbcane",
      "english": [
        "dumbcane"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Arum crudele",
        "authorship": "Salisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Arum regnium",
        "authorship": "Rodschied ex G.F.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Arum regnium",
        "authorship": "Rodsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Arum seguine",
        "authorship": "Jacq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Arum seguinum",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Caladium maculatum",
        "authorship": "G.Lodd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Caladium seguine",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Vent."
      },
      {
        "name": "Caladium seguine var. maculatum",
        "authorship": "(G.Lodd.) Sims"
      },
      {
        "name": "Caladium seguinum",
        "authorship": "Vent."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia amabilis",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia amazonica",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia amoena",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia aureovariegata",
        "authorship": "Anon."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia barraquiniana",
        "authorship": "Verschaff. & Lem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia brasiliensis",
        "authorship": "H.J.Veitch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia carderi",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia chelsonii",
        "authorship": "W.Bull ex T.Moore & Mast."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia cognata",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia consobrina",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia conspurcata",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia decora",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia delecta",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia eburnea",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia gigantea",
        "authorship": "Verschaff. ex Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia gigantea",
        "authorship": "Verschaff."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia gollmeriana",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia grandis",
        "authorship": "W.Bull ex J.Dix"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia grandis",
        "authorship": "hort. ex Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia illustris",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia illustris",
        "authorship": "hort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia imperator",
        "authorship": "B.S.Williams"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia insignis",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia irrorata",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia jenmanii",
        "authorship": "Veitch ex Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia lanceola",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia lineata",
        "authorship": "K.Koch & C.D.Bouché"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia lingulata",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia liturata",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia maculata",
        "authorship": "(G.Lodd.) Sweet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia maculosa",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia magnifica",
        "authorship": "Linden & Rodigas"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia majestica",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia marmorata",
        "authorship": "B.S.Williams"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia membranulifera",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia mirabilis",
        "authorship": "Verschaff. ex Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia neglecta",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia nitida",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia nobilis",
        "authorship": "Verschaff. ex Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia nobilis",
        "authorship": "Versch. ex Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta f. brasiliensis",
        "authorship": "(H.J.Veitch) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta f. mirabilis",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta subvar. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta subvar. gigantea",
        "authorship": "(Verschaff. ex Regel) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta subvar. jenmannii",
        "authorship": "(Veitch ex Regel) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta subvar. magnifica",
        "authorship": "(Linden & Rodigas) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta subvar. memoria",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta subvar. mirabilis",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta subvar. picturata",
        "authorship": "(L.Linden & Rodigas) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta var. angustior",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta var. barraquiniana",
        "authorship": "(Verschaff. & Lem.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta var. latior",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picta var. typica",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia picturata",
        "authorship": "L.Linden & Rodigas"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia plumieri",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia poeppigii",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia princeps",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia regina",
        "authorship": "W.Bull ex T.Moore & Mast."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia rex",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia robusta",
        "authorship": "K.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine f. barraquiniana",
        "authorship": "(Verschaff. & Lem.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine f. conspurcata",
        "authorship": "(Schott) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine f. decora",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine f. irrorata",
        "authorship": "(Schott) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine f. lineata",
        "authorship": "(K.Koch & C.D.Bouché) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine f. liturata",
        "authorship": "(Schott) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine f. nobilis",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine f. ventenatiana",
        "authorship": "(Schott) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine f. viridis",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. barraquiniana",
        "authorship": "(Verschaff. & Lem.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. decora",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. irrorata",
        "authorship": "(Schott) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. lineata",
        "authorship": "(K.Koch & C.D.Bouché) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. lingulata",
        "authorship": "(Schott) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. liturata",
        "authorship": "(Schott) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. nobilis",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. viridis",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine subvar. wallisii",
        "authorship": "(Linden) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine var. decora",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine var. lineata",
        "authorship": "(K.Koch & C.D.Bouché) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine var. lingulata",
        "authorship": "(Schott) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine var. liturata",
        "authorship": "(Schott) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine var. maculata",
        "authorship": "(G.Lodd.) E.J.Lowe & W.Howard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine var. minor",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine var. nobilis",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine var. robusta",
        "authorship": "(K.Koch) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine var. ventenatiana",
        "authorship": "(Schott) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia seguine var. viridis",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia triumphans",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia variegata",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia velutina",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia ventenatiana",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia verschaffeltii",
        "authorship": "H.Low"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia verschaffeltii",
        "authorship": "hort. ex Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia vittata",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dieffenbachia wallisii",
        "authorship": "Linden"
      },
      {
        "name": "Seguinum maculatum",
        "authorship": "(G.Lodd.) Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spathiphyllum pictum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spathiphyllum pictum",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      }
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    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieffenbachia_seguine"
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            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/136694998/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Ong Jyh Seng, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "BOL",
      "BZN",
      "BZE",
      "BZL",
      "BZC",
      "CAY",
      "CLM",
      "CUB",
      "DOM",
      "ECU",
      "FRG",
      "GUY",
      "HAI",
      "JAM",
      "LEE",
      "PER",
      "PUE",
      "SUR",
      "TRT",
      "VEN",
      "VNA",
      "WIN"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZE",
        "name": "Brazil Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZL",
        "name": "Brazil Southeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAY",
        "name": "Cayman Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRG",
        "name": "French Guiana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAM",
        "name": "Jamaica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "LEE",
        "name": "Leeward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PUE",
        "name": "Puerto Rico",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "TRT",
        "name": "Trinidad-Tobago",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VNA",
        "name": "Venezuelan Antilles",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "WIN",
        "name": "Windward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 9,
    "n_annotated": 91,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "subshrub",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 20.4,
      "median": 25.3,
      "p95": 27.3
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 28.4,
      "median": 91.4,
      "p95": 455.7
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 25.6,
      "median": 29.6,
      "p95": 33.6
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 12,
      "median": 20.7,
      "p95": 24.3
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 1051.2,
      "median": 2404.9,
      "p95": 4108.1
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 20.8,
      "median": 46.8,
      "p95": 92.3
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 25.6,
      "median": 232,
      "p95": 624.9
    },
    "n": 1983,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1983 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/dieffenbachia-seguine/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}