{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/deschampsia-cespitosa/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "deschampsia-cespitosa",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000862467",
    "inat_taxon_id": 76639
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Deschampsia cespitosa",
    "authorship": "(L.) P.Beauv.",
    "genus": "Deschampsia",
    "epithet": "cespitosa",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Ess. Agrostogr. : 91 (1812)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:397953-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Tufted Hair-grass",
      "english": [
        "Tufted Hair-grass",
        "tufted hair-grass",
        "tufted hairgrass"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Agrostis cespitosa",
        "authorship": "(L.) Salisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis gredensis",
        "authorship": "Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis vivipara",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira alpicola",
        "authorship": "(Rydb.) Rydb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira alpina",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira alpina",
        "authorship": "Hegetschw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira alpina f. planifolia",
        "authorship": "Norm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira alpina subsp. littoralis",
        "authorship": "(Gaudin) Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira alpina var. rhenana",
        "authorship": "(Gremli) Brand"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira alpina var. vivipara",
        "authorship": "Parn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira alpina var. vivipara",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira altissima",
        "authorship": "Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira altissima",
        "authorship": "Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira ambigua",
        "authorship": "Michx."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira andraei",
        "authorship": "Auersw. ex Andrae"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira arctica",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira aristulata",
        "authorship": "Torr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira australis",
        "authorship": "Raoul"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira biebersteinii",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira bottnica",
        "authorship": "Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira breviaristata",
        "authorship": "Gilib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira brevifolia",
        "authorship": "M.Bieb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira caespitosa",
        "authorship": "Muhl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira caespitosa f. compacta",
        "authorship": "Waisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira caespitosa f. reptans",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira caespitosa f. stolonifera",
        "authorship": "(Hausm.) Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira caespitosa subsp. hartmaniana",
        "authorship": "Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira caespitosa subsp. rhenana",
        "authorship": "(Gremli) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira caespitosa var. altissima",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Peterm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira caespitosa var. arctica",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Thurb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa f. alpestris",
        "authorship": "Kirschl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa f. tenera",
        "authorship": "Peterm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa subsp. alpina",
        "authorship": "(L.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa subsp. glauca",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa subsp. hartmaniana",
        "authorship": "Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa subsp. hartmanniana",
        "authorship": "Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa subsp. paludosa",
        "authorship": "Schübl. & G.Martens"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa subsp. parviflora",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Schübl. & G.Martens"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa subsp. rhenana",
        "authorship": "(Gremli) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa subsp. submutica",
        "authorship": "Trautv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. alpina",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. altissima",
        "authorship": "Peterm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. ambigua",
        "authorship": "(Michx.) Pursh"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. andraei",
        "authorship": "(Auersw. ex Andrae) Grecescu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. arctica",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Thurb. ex A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. aurea",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. barbata",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. borealis",
        "authorship": "Trautv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. bottnica",
        "authorship": "Rothr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Trautv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Parn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. compacta",
        "authorship": "Waisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. convoluta",
        "authorship": "Legrand"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. firmula",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. fluviatilis",
        "authorship": "G.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. glauca",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. hoppeana",
        "authorship": "Alef."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. humilior",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. humilis",
        "authorship": "Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. littoralis",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. longiaristata",
        "authorship": "Parn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. lutescens",
        "authorship": "Plues"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. major",
        "authorship": "Neilr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. maxima",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. minor",
        "authorship": "Neilr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. montana",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. montana",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. pallescens",
        "authorship": "Döll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. pallida",
        "authorship": "Klett & Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. purpurea",
        "authorship": "Bellynck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. reptans",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. setifolia",
        "authorship": "W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. submutica",
        "authorship": "Trautv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. subtriflora",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. varia",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "Lej. & Courtois"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. violascens",
        "authorship": "Bellynck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. virescens",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. vivipara",
        "authorship": "Alef."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira cespitosa var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Alef."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira chrysophaena",
        "authorship": "Porcius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira curtifolia",
        "authorship": "Rydb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira festucoides",
        "authorship": "Vill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira glauca",
        "authorship": "Hartm. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira glomerata",
        "authorship": "G.Don ex Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira grandis",
        "authorship": "Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira hartmaniana",
        "authorship": "(Nyman) B.D.Jacks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira holciformis",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira hybrida",
        "authorship": "Figert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira laevigata",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira latifolia",
        "authorship": "(Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira litoralis",
        "authorship": "Godr. ex Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira littoralis",
        "authorship": "(Gaudin) Godet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira littoralis subvar. rhenana",
        "authorship": "(Gremli) Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira major",
        "authorship": "Syme"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira major subsp. alpina",
        "authorship": "(L.) Syme"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira major subsp. cespitosa",
        "authorship": "(L.) Syme"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira micans",
        "authorship": "Jacq. ex Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira neumaniana",
        "authorship": "Dörfl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira neutralis",
        "authorship": "Walp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira paludosa",
        "authorship": "Wibel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira paludosa",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira parviflora",
        "authorship": "Thuill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira pulchra",
        "authorship": "(Nees & Meyen) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira pungens",
        "authorship": "(Rydb.) Rydb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira stolonifera",
        "authorship": "Hausm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira sukatschewii",
        "authorship": "Popl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira triflora",
        "authorship": "Friv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira turczaninowii",
        "authorship": "Litv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira vivipara",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira wibeliana",
        "authorship": "Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aira wilhelmsii",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena alpina",
        "authorship": "(L.) Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena alpina",
        "authorship": "Honck."
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena caespitosa",
        "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena caespitosa",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena cespitosa f. vivipara",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena cespitosa unranked altissima",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena cespitosa unranked ochroleuca",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Avena paludosa",
        "authorship": "(Roth) Heynh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis arundo",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis paludosa",
        "authorship": "(Roth) Paxton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Campella caespitosa",
        "authorship": "(L.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Campella cespitosa var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Czerniaevia melicoides",
        "authorship": "Turcz. ex Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia aenea",
        "authorship": "Trin. ex Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia aleutica",
        "authorship": "Tatew. & Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia alpicola",
        "authorship": "Rydb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia alpigena",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia alpina",
        "authorship": "(L.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia alpina subsp. andraei",
        "authorship": "P.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia alpina var. alpina",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia alpina var. wibeliana",
        "authorship": "(Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch) Krylov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia altaica",
        "authorship": "(Schischk.) O.D.Nikif."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia ambigua",
        "authorship": "(Michx.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia anadyrensis",
        "authorship": "V.N.Vassil."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia andina",
        "authorship": "Phil."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia andraei",
        "authorship": "Aursw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia andraei",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia andraei var. montana",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia arctica",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia austrobohemica",
        "authorship": "Deyl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia beringensis",
        "authorship": "Hultén"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia beringensis var. atkensis",
        "authorship": "Hultén"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia beringensis var. kurilensis",
        "authorship": "Kawano"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia biebersteiniana",
        "authorship": "Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia borealis",
        "authorship": "(Trautv.) Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia bottnica",
        "authorship": "(Wahlenb.) Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia bottnica f. subtriflora",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia bottnica var. grandis",
        "authorship": "Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia bottnica var. melicoides",
        "authorship": "Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia brachyphylla",
        "authorship": "Nash"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia breviaristata",
        "authorship": "(Husn.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia brevifolia",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia brevifolia var. major",
        "authorship": "Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia brevifolia var. pumila",
        "authorship": "Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia caespitosa",
        "authorship": "(L.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia caespitosa subsp. gaudinii",
        "authorship": "K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa f. alpicola",
        "authorship": "(Chrtek & V.Jirásek) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa f. compacta",
        "authorship": "(Waisb.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa f. minor",
        "authorship": "Kom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa f. pallida",
        "authorship": "(Klett & Richt.) Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa f. reptans",
        "authorship": "(Borbás) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa f. tenera",
        "authorship": "(Peterm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa f. triflora",
        "authorship": "Holmb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa f. variegata",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. alpicola",
        "authorship": "Chrtek & V.Jirásek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. alpina",
        "authorship": "(L.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. anadyrensis",
        "authorship": "(V.N.Vassil.) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. austrobohemica",
        "authorship": "(Deyl) Conert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. beringensis",
        "authorship": "(Hultén) W.E.Lawr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Trautv.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. bottnica",
        "authorship": "(Wahlenb.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. festucifolia",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. glauca",
        "authorship": "(Hartm.) Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. gredensis",
        "authorship": "Vivant"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. hispanica",
        "authorship": "Vivant"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. hispanica",
        "authorship": "(Vivant) Cebolla, J.A.López & Rivas Ponce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. ivanovae",
        "authorship": "(Tzvelev) S.M.Phillips & Z.L.Wu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. levis",
        "authorship": "(Takeda) Nosaka"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. littoralis",
        "authorship": "(Gaudin) Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. littoralis",
        "authorship": "(Gaudich.) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. macrothyrsa",
        "authorship": "(Tatew. & Ohwi) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. obensis",
        "authorship": "(Roshev.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. orientalis",
        "authorship": "Hultén"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. paramushirensis",
        "authorship": "(Honda) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. pyrenaica",
        "authorship": "Romo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. rhenana",
        "authorship": "(Gremli) Kerguélen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. scardica",
        "authorship": "F.K.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. sukatschewii",
        "authorship": "(Popl.) Chiapella & Prob."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa subsp. turczaninowii",
        "authorship": "(Litv.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. abbei",
        "authorship": "B.Boivin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpicola",
        "authorship": "(Rydb.) Á.Löve, D.Löve & B.M.Kapoor"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. alpina",
        "authorship": "(L.) Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. altaica",
        "authorship": "Schischk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. altissima",
        "authorship": "Volkart"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. andraei",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Simonk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. arctica",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. argentea",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. atlantis",
        "authorship": "Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. aurata",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Trautv.) Kom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Trautv.) Trautv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. bottnica",
        "authorship": "(Wahlenb.) Vasey ex Beal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. brachyphylla",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. breviaristata",
        "authorship": "Husn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. cespitosa",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. coarctata",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. colorata",
        "authorship": "Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. confinis",
        "authorship": "Beal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. coreensis",
        "authorship": "Hack. ex Nakai"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. crassifolia",
        "authorship": "(Font Quer & Maire) Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. exaristata",
        "authorship": "Z.L.Wu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. festucifolia",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. flavescens",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. gaudinii",
        "authorship": "(K.Richt.) Husn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. glauca",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. grandiflora",
        "authorship": "Trautv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. hispanica",
        "authorship": "(Vivant) Cebolla, Lozano & López Rodr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. intercotidalis",
        "authorship": "B.Boivin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. komarovii",
        "authorship": "(V.N.Vassil.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "(Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. longiflora",
        "authorship": "Beal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. lutescens",
        "authorship": "Tinant"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. mackenzieana",
        "authorship": "(Raup) B.Boivin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. macrantha",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. macrothyrsa",
        "authorship": "Tatew. & Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. major",
        "authorship": "Schltdl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. mannii",
        "authorship": "C.E.Hubb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. maritima",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. microstachya",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. minor",
        "authorship": "Kom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. montana",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Vasey ex Beal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. oliveri",
        "authorship": "C.E.Hubb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. pallida",
        "authorship": "(Klett & Richt.) Godr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. parviflora",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) Coss. & Germ."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. pulchra",
        "authorship": "(Nees & Meyen) Nicora"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. pungens",
        "authorship": "(Rydb.) B.Boivin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. reichenbachii",
        "authorship": "Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. setifolia",
        "authorship": "(W.D.J.Koch) Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. strictior",
        "authorship": "Kurtz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. submutica",
        "authorship": "(Trautv.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. varia",
        "authorship": "Wimm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. variegata",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. viridis",
        "authorship": "Tinant"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. vivipara",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia cespitosa var. wibeliana",
        "authorship": "Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia chinensis",
        "authorship": "Y.Yabe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia confinis",
        "authorship": "(Beal) Rydb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia convoluta",
        "authorship": "(Legrand) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia crassifolia",
        "authorship": "Font Quer & Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia curtifolia",
        "authorship": "Scribn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia doniana",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia gaudinii",
        "authorship": "(K.Richt.) Landolt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia glauca",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia glomerata",
        "authorship": "G.Don"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia grandis",
        "authorship": "Besser ex Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia gredensis",
        "authorship": "(Gand.) Castrov."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia hispanica",
        "authorship": "(Vivant) Cervi & Romo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia hispanica f. neilensis",
        "authorship": "Cervi & Romo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia hispanica subsp. gallaecica",
        "authorship": "Cervi & Romo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia hispanica subsp. gredensis",
        "authorship": "(Vivant) Rivas Mart., Fern.Gonz. & Sánchez Mata"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia hispanica var. burebana",
        "authorship": "Cervi & Romo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia hispanica var. iberica",
        "authorship": "Cervi & Romo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia holciformis",
        "authorship": "J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia hybridogena",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia ivanovae",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia kaschinae",
        "authorship": "Stepanov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia komarovii",
        "authorship": "V.N.Vassil."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia kurilensis",
        "authorship": "(Kawano) Tzvelev & Prob."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia laevigata",
        "authorship": "(Sm.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia laevigata var. vivipara",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia latifolia",
        "authorship": "Hochst. ex A.Rich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia littoralis",
        "authorship": "(Gaudin) Reut."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia littoralis var. beringensis",
        "authorship": "(Hultén) P.C.Kuo & Z.L.Wu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia littoralis var. ivanovae",
        "authorship": "(Tzvelev) P.C.Kuo & Z.L.Wu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia littoralis var. rhenana",
        "authorship": "(Gremli) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia mackenzieana",
        "authorship": "Raup"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia macrothyrsa",
        "authorship": "(Tatew. & Ohwi) Kawano"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia media subsp. hispanica",
        "authorship": "(Vivant) O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia media var. iberica",
        "authorship": "(Cervi & Romo) O.Bolòs & Vigo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia mezensis",
        "authorship": "Senjan.-Korcz. & Korcz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia montana",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia multiflora",
        "authorship": "P.C.Kuo & Z.L.Wu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia neumaniana",
        "authorship": "Hyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia obensis",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia orientalis",
        "authorship": "(Hultén) B.S.Sun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia paludosa",
        "authorship": "(Schübl. & G.Martens) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia paludosa",
        "authorship": "(Schübl. & G.Martens) H.Karst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia pamirica",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia paramushirensis",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia parviflora",
        "authorship": "(Thuill.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia penicillata",
        "authorship": "Kirk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia pulchra",
        "authorship": "Nees & Meyen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia pumila",
        "authorship": "(Griseb.) Ostenf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia pungens",
        "authorship": "Rydb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia refracta subsp. gredensis",
        "authorship": "(Vivant) Cervi & Romo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia rhenana",
        "authorship": "Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia submutica",
        "authorship": "(Trautv.) O.D.Nikif."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia sukatschewii",
        "authorship": "(Popl.) Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia sukatschewii subsp. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Trautv.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia sukatschewii subsp. minor",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia sukatschewii subsp. orientalis",
        "authorship": "(Hultén) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia sukatschewii subsp. submutica",
        "authorship": "(Trautv.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia takedana",
        "authorship": "Honda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia turczaninowii",
        "authorship": "Litv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia turczaninowii var. pseudovivipara",
        "authorship": "Prob. & Enustsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia tzvelevii",
        "authorship": "Prob."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia tzvelevii var. vivipara",
        "authorship": "Prob."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia versicolor",
        "authorship": "Arv.-Touv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia vodopjanoviae",
        "authorship": "O.D.Nikif."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia wahlenbergiana",
        "authorship": "Scheele"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia wibeliana",
        "authorship": "(Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch) Parl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deschampsia wilhelmsii",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Erioblastus flexuosus",
        "authorship": "Honda ex Nakai"
      },
      {
        "name": "Poa evagans",
        "authorship": "Simmons"
      },
      {
        "name": "Podionapus caespitosus",
        "authorship": "(L.) Dulac"
      },
      {
        "name": "Triodia splendida",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trisetum leve",
        "authorship": "Takeda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Vahlodea flexuosa",
        "authorship": "Ohwi"
      }
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        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "J Straka",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jstraka",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/c1ab5aec-da42-4592-9537-5e46c1ff912b",
        "observed_on": "2021-09-06",
        "lat": 50.47,
        "lon": -126.201,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/158733770/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/158733770/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/158733770/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/158733770/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "J Straka, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": null,
  "phenology": {
    "n": 64,
    "n_annotated": 204,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      2,
      0,
      0,
      1,
      7,
      14,
      28,
      10,
      2,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      3,
      2,
      9,
      8,
      18,
      33,
      51,
      39,
      20,
      18,
      3,
      0
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      null,
      0,
      0.125,
      0.3889,
      0.4242,
      0.549,
      0.2564,
      0.1,
      0,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      null,
      [
        0,
        0.2992
      ],
      [
        0.0224,
        0.4709
      ],
      [
        0.203,
        0.6138
      ],
      [
        0.2724,
        0.5919
      ],
      [
        0.4138,
        0.6773
      ],
      [
        0.1457,
        0.4108
      ],
      [
        0.0279,
        0.301
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.1759
      ],
      null,
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 7,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 103,
      "by_month": [
        1,
        2,
        3,
        2,
        2,
        5,
        21,
        29,
        18,
        18,
        2,
        0
      ],
      "share": [
        null,
        null,
        0.3333,
        0.25,
        0.1111,
        0.1515,
        0.4118,
        0.7436,
        0.9,
        1,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "ci": [
        null,
        null,
        [
          0.1206,
          0.6458
        ],
        [
          0.0715,
          0.5907
        ],
        [
          0.031,
          0.328
        ],
        [
          0.0665,
          0.3092
        ],
        [
          0.2875,
          0.5483
        ],
        [
          0.5892,
          0.8543
        ],
        [
          0.699,
          0.9721
        ],
        [
          0.8241,
          1
        ],
        null,
        null
      ],
      "peak_month": 10
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": null,
    "climate": null
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": -0.8,
      "median": 5.4,
      "p95": 10.9
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 394,
      "median": 890.4,
      "p95": 1237.7
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 15.5,
      "median": 22.3,
      "p95": 25.2
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -21.7,
      "median": -10.6,
      "p95": 2.7
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 508.4,
      "median": 710.2,
      "p95": 2082
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 14.3,
      "median": 30.3,
      "p95": 67.7
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 56.9,
      "median": 111,
      "p95": 289.9
    },
    "n": 2022,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2022 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/deschampsia-cespitosa/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}