{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/dactylorhiza-majalis/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "dactylorhiza-majalis",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000936751",
    "inat_taxon_id": 62002
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Dactylorhiza majalis",
    "authorship": "(Rchb.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh.",
    "genus": "Dactylorhiza",
    "epithet": "majalis",
    "family": "Orchidaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Watsonia 6: 130 (1965)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:626644-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Western Marsh-orchid",
      "english": [
        "Western Marsh-orchid",
        "keyflower"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis baltica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis cordigera",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis curvifolia",
        "authorship": "(F.Nyl.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis deweveri",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis gracilis",
        "authorship": "Hesl.-Harr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis hoeppneri",
        "authorship": "(A.Fuchs) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis kerryensis",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis lapponica",
        "authorship": "(Laest. ex Hartm.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis latifolia subsp. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Bisse"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis longifolia",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis f. albolileacea",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis f. alboliliacea",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis f. ampla",
        "authorship": "(Asch. & Graebn.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis subsp. cambrensis",
        "authorship": "R.H.Roberts"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. aequiloba",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "(Tinant) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. alborosacea",
        "authorship": "(Erdner) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. alpestroides",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. atrorubens",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. brachyphylla",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. brevicalcarata",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. immaculata",
        "authorship": "(Regel) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. immaculata",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. integra",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. laxa",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. linguata",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. macrobracteata",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. magnicalcarata",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis majalis var. submaculata",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis praetermissa",
        "authorship": "(Druce) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis praetermissa var. cuspidata",
        "authorship": "Deinum ex Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis praetermissa var. elata",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis praetermissa var. junialis",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis praetermissa var. longifolia",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis praetermissa var. macrantha",
        "authorship": "(Sipkes) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis praetermissa var. parvifructa",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis praetermissa var. tenera",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis praetermissa var. triangularis",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis pseudocordigera",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Lid"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis purpurella",
        "authorship": "(T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis sphagnicola",
        "authorship": "(Höppner) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis traunsteineri",
        "authorship": "(Saut. ex Rchb.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis traunsteineri var. klingei",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis traunsteineri var. rhombilabris",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis traunsteinerioides",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza angustata",
        "authorship": "(Arv.-Touv.) D.Tyteca & Gathoye"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza baltica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) N.I.Orlova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza baltica var. kuzkenembe",
        "authorship": "Pikner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza baumanniana",
        "authorship": "J.Hölz. & Künkele"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza baumanniana subsp. smolikana",
        "authorship": "(B.Willing & E.Willing) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza bohemica",
        "authorship": "Businský"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza bosniaca",
        "authorship": "(Beck) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cambrensis",
        "authorship": "(R.H.Roberts) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza carpatica",
        "authorship": "(Batoušek & Kreutz) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza comosa f. kerryensis",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) P.D.Sell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza comosa f. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) P.D.Sell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza comosa subsp. cambrensis",
        "authorship": "(R.H.Roberts) P.D.Sell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza comosa subsp. majalis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) P.D.Sell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza comosa subsp. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) P.D.Sell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza comosa subsp. turfosa",
        "authorship": "(F.Proch.) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera f. albiflora",
        "authorship": "Landwehr"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. bosniaca",
        "authorship": "(Beck) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. graeca",
        "authorship": "(H.Baumann) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. pindica",
        "authorship": "(B.Willing & E.Willing) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera subsp. siculorum",
        "authorship": "(Soó) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera var. graeca",
        "authorship": "(H.Baumann) Presser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera var. grisebachii",
        "authorship": "(Pant.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera var. rhodopeia",
        "authorship": "Presser"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera var. rochelii",
        "authorship": "(Griseb. & Schenk) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cordigera var. vermionica",
        "authorship": "B.Willing & E.Willing"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cruenta var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza curvifolia",
        "authorship": "(F.Nyl.) Czerep."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza delphinensis",
        "authorship": "D.Tyteca & Gathoye"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza devillersiorum",
        "authorship": "P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza deweveri",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza ebudensis",
        "authorship": "(Wief. ex R.M.Bateman & Denholm) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza elatior",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza fistulosa subsp. alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) H.Baumann & Künkele"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza francis-drucei",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. carpatica",
        "authorship": "(Batoušek & Kreutz) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza godferyana",
        "authorship": "(Soó) Peitz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza gracilis",
        "authorship": "(Höppner) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza graeca",
        "authorship": "H.Baumann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza hoeppneri",
        "authorship": "(A.Fuchs) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. praetermissa",
        "authorship": "(Druce) H.Sund."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. sphagnicola",
        "authorship": "(Höppner) H.Sund."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. obscura",
        "authorship": "(Höppner) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza integrata",
        "authorship": "(E.G.Camus) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza irenica",
        "authorship": "F.M.Vázquez"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza kalopissii",
        "authorship": "E.Nelson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza kalopissii f. macedonica",
        "authorship": "(J.Hölz. & Künkele) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza kalopissii subsp. macedonica",
        "authorship": "(J.Hölz. & Künkele) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza kalopissii subsp. pythagorae",
        "authorship": "(Gölz & H.R.Reinhard) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza kerryensis",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) P.F.Hunt & Summerh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza kerryensis subsp. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) H.Baumann & Künkele"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza kerryensis var. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Jebb"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza koutsourana",
        "authorship": "B.Willing & E.Willing"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza lagotis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) H.Baumann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza lapponica",
        "authorship": "(Laest. ex Hartm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza lapponica subsp. angustata",
        "authorship": "(Arv.-Touv.) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza lapponica subsp. rhaetica",
        "authorship": "H.Baumann & R.Lorenz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza lapponica var. pseudocordigera",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia",
        "authorship": "(L.) H.Baumann & Künkele"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia subsp. alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia subsp. baltica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia subsp. cambrensis",
        "authorship": "(R.H.Roberts) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia subsp. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia var. kerryensis",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia var. longifolia",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia var. pinguis",
        "authorship": "(Asch. & Graebn.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(Freyn ex M.Schulze) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza longifolia",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza macedonica",
        "authorship": "J.Hölz. & Künkele"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. schurii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. sennia",
        "authorship": "(Vollmar) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza maculata var. schurii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. alpestroides",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. aspersa",
        "authorship": "F.Proch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. atrorubens",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. barlae",
        "authorship": "(E.G.Camus) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. brevicalcarata",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. chwaszczyniensis",
        "authorship": "Marg. & Tukallo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. immaculata",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. laxa",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. linearis",
        "authorship": "(Thielens) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. linguata",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. maculata",
        "authorship": "(Thielens) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. magnicalcarata",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis f. tharandina",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Senghas"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. ebudensis",
        "authorship": "(Wief. ex R.M.Bateman & Denholm) M.R.Lowe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. integrata",
        "authorship": "(E.G.Camus) H.A.Pedersen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. parvimajalis",
        "authorship": "(D.Tyteca & Gathoye) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. traunsteineri",
        "authorship": "(Saut. ex Rchb.) H.Sund."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. turfosa",
        "authorship": "F.Proch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "(Thielens) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. alboliliacea",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. alborosacea",
        "authorship": "(Erdner) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Wucherpf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. atrata",
        "authorship": "A.J.Richards"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. bowmanii",
        "authorship": "M.N.Jenk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. cambrensis",
        "authorship": "(R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. carnea",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. druceoides",
        "authorship": "Balayer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. eboracensis",
        "authorship": "(Godfery) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. ebudensis",
        "authorship": "Wief. ex R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. francis-drucei",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. integrata",
        "authorship": "(E.G.Camus) H.A.Pedersen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. junialis",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. kerryensis",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. macrantha",
        "authorship": "(Sipkes) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. maculosa",
        "authorship": "(T.Stephenson) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. pallida",
        "authorship": "(Thielens) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. praetermissa",
        "authorship": "(Druce) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. pulchella",
        "authorship": "(Druce) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. pumila",
        "authorship": "(Freyn ex M.Schulze) H.Baumann, Künkele & R.Lorenz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. purpurella",
        "authorship": "(T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. semimaculata",
        "authorship": "R.Doll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza majalis var. traunsteinerioides",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza nieschalkiorum",
        "authorship": "H.Baumann & Künkele"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza occidentalis var. kerryensis",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza osiliensis",
        "authorship": "Pikner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza pardalina",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza parvimajalis",
        "authorship": "D.Tyteca & Gathoye"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza pindica",
        "authorship": "B.Willing & E.Willing"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa",
        "authorship": "(Druce) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa f. junialis",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) P.D.Sell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa subsp. integrata",
        "authorship": "(E.G.Camus) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa subsp. junialis",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa subsp. osiliensis",
        "authorship": "(Pikner) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa subsp. schoenophila",
        "authorship": "R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. bracteosa",
        "authorship": "Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. cuspidata",
        "authorship": "(Deinum ex Verm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. elata",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. integrata",
        "authorship": "(E.G.Camus) D.Tyteca & Gathoye"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. junialis",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Senghas"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. maculosa",
        "authorship": "D.Tyteca & Gathoye"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza pseudocordigera",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza purpurella",
        "authorship": "(T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza purpurella subsp. majaliformis",
        "authorship": "E.Nelson ex Løjtnant"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza purpurella subsp. majaliformis",
        "authorship": "E.Nelson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza purpurella var. atrata",
        "authorship": "A.J.Richards"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza purpurella var. cambrensis",
        "authorship": "(R.H.Roberts) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza purpurella var. crassifolia",
        "authorship": "(T.Stephenson) Landwehr"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza purpurella var. maculosa",
        "authorship": "(T.Stephenson) Kreutz, H.Dekker & L.Lewis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza purpurella var. majaliformis",
        "authorship": "(E.Nelson) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza purpurella var. pulchella",
        "authorship": "(Druce) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza pycnantha",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza pythagorae",
        "authorship": "Gölz & H.R.Reinhard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza rhaetica",
        "authorship": "(H.Baumann & R.Lorenz) Biagioli, Kreutz & De Simoni"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza rhenana",
        "authorship": "(Höppner) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza richteri",
        "authorship": "B.Bock"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza rigida",
        "authorship": "(Höppner) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza ruthei subsp. osiliensis",
        "authorship": "(Pikner) Eccarius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza salictina",
        "authorship": "B.Willing & E.Willing"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza schurii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sennia",
        "authorship": "Vollmar"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza serreana",
        "authorship": "H.Baumann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza siculorum",
        "authorship": "(Soó) Kreutz & Bobocea"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza smolikana",
        "authorship": "B.Willing & E.Willing"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza souflikensis",
        "authorship": "B.Willing & E.Willing"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza souflikensis subsp. salictina",
        "authorship": "(B.Willing & E.Willing) Eccarius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola",
        "authorship": "(Höppner) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola f. calcifugiens",
        "authorship": "(H.A.Pedersen) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola f. deweveri",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola f. hoeppneri",
        "authorship": "(A.Fuchs) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola f. sennia",
        "authorship": "(Vollmar) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola subsp. calcifugiens",
        "authorship": "(H.A.Pedersen) Kreutz & Sczep."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola subsp. deweveri",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Wenker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola subsp. hoeppneri",
        "authorship": "(A.Fuchs) Dalkowski, Wende & Wenker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola subsp. sennia",
        "authorship": "(Vollmar) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola var. deweveri",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sphagnicola var. hoeppneri",
        "authorship": "(A.Fuchs) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza steegeri",
        "authorship": "(Höppner) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza suevica",
        "authorship": "(A.Fuchs) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri",
        "authorship": "(Saut. ex Rchb.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. bohemica",
        "authorship": "(Businský) Kreutz & Sczep."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. carpatica",
        "authorship": "Batoušek & Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. curvifolia",
        "authorship": "(F.Nyl.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. deweveri",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. francis-drucei",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. hibernica",
        "authorship": "Landwehr"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. irenica",
        "authorship": "(F.M.Vázquez) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. lapponica",
        "authorship": "(Laest. ex Hartm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. pycnantha",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. rhaetica",
        "authorship": "(H.Baumann & R.Lorenz) F.Benoît"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. schurii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. traunsteinerioides",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. turfosa",
        "authorship": "(F.Proch.) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. vosagiaca",
        "authorship": "Kreutz & P.Wolff"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri subsp. wirtgenii",
        "authorship": "(Höppner) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri var. blyttii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri var. curvifolia",
        "authorship": "(F.Nyl.) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri var. estonica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri var. mielichhoferi",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri var. nylandri",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri var. recurva",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri var. tarbatonica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri var. vosagiaca",
        "authorship": "(Kreutz & P.Wolff) Sonnb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Landwehr"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides subsp. francis-drucei",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides var. ebudensis",
        "authorship": "(Wief. ex R.M.Bateman & Denholm) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides var. francis-drucei",
        "authorship": "(Wilmott) F.M.Vázquez"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza vadorum",
        "authorship": "Kreutz & H.Dekker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza vadorum var. picturata",
        "authorship": "Kreutz & H.Dekker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza vironii",
        "authorship": "Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza vosagiaca",
        "authorship": "(Kreutz & P.Wolff) Herr-Heidtke & Heidtke ex P.Wolff"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza wirtgenii",
        "authorship": "(Höppner) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis alpestris",
        "authorship": "Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustata",
        "authorship": "Arv.-Touv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. acuminata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. ammatica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. amplivaginata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. angustivaginata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. anziensis",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. brevispicata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. comosa",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. densiflora",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. densissima",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. densiuscula",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. fichtenbergii",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. friesii",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. laxa",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. laxiflora",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. laxiuscula",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. lehnertii",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. levaschevoica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. longispicata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. oblonga",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. obtusifolia",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. paanajaervica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. papjerwica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. perhoica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. pulcherrima",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. reichenbachii",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. remota",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. rosiensis",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. sauteri",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. schmidtii",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. schurii",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. spathulata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. spathulata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. subcurva",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. suberecta",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia f. tiudiensis",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. conferta",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. densata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. dissita",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. elegantior",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. filiformis",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. intermedia",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. laxata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. maculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. strictior",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. subcurva",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. superans",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subf. venusta",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subsp. elata",
        "authorship": "(Hartm.) C.Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subsp. friesii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subsp. pycnantha",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subsp. subcapitata",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subsp. traunsteineri",
        "authorship": "(Saut. ex Rchb.) C.Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. abeliana",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. acuminata",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. blyttii",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. curvifolia",
        "authorship": "(F.Nyl.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. densiflora",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. elata",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. elongata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. erecta",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. estonica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. gracillima",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. lapponica",
        "authorship": "Laest. ex Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. mielichhoferi",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. nylandri",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. patens",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. poenalica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. pusilla",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. recurva",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. reolana",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. rigidula",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. sanionis",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. sauteri",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. stricta",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. superba",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. tarbatonica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. tenuifolia",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis baltica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) A.Fuchs"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis blyttii",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis bosniaca",
        "authorship": "Beck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera",
        "authorship": "Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera f. banatica",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera f. grisebachii",
        "authorship": "(Pant.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera f. macrobracteata",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera f. rivularis",
        "authorship": "(Heuff. ex Schur) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera f. rochelii",
        "authorship": "(Griseb. & Schenk) Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera f. simonkaiana",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera f. subtriloba",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera lus. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera prol. rochelii",
        "authorship": "(Griseb. & Schenk) Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera subsp. blyttii",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera subsp. bosniaca",
        "authorship": "(Beck) Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera subsp. siculorum",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera var. bosniaca",
        "authorship": "(Beck) Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera var. foliosa",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera var. grisebachii",
        "authorship": "(Pant.) Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera var. klingei",
        "authorship": "E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera var. macrobracteata",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera var. rocheliana",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cordigera var. siculorum",
        "authorship": "(Soó) Pauca"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cruenta",
        "authorship": "Rochel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cruenta subsp. blyttii",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis curvifolia",
        "authorship": "F.Nyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis elatior",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Afzel. ex Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis foliosa",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis francis-drucei",
        "authorship": "Wilmott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis godferyana",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis gracilis",
        "authorship": "Höppner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis grisebachii",
        "authorship": "Pant."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis hoeppneri",
        "authorship": "(Fachs) Höppner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis hoeppneri",
        "authorship": "(A.Fuchs) Höppner ex Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis hungarica",
        "authorship": "Pant. ex G.Keller & Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. ampla",
        "authorship": "Höppner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata subsp. integrata",
        "authorship": "(E.G.Camus) E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "Lecoq & Lamotte ex Thielens"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "(Lindl.) Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. integrata",
        "authorship": "E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. obscura",
        "authorship": "Höppner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. traunsteineri",
        "authorship": "(Saut. ex Rchb.) Parl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis integrata",
        "authorship": "(E.G.Camus) E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis kerryensis",
        "authorship": "Wilmott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis lagotis",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis lapponica",
        "authorship": "(Laest. ex Hartm.) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia",
        "authorship": "Scop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. aequiloba",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. ampla",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. baltica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) M.Schulze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. brevicalcarata",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. densa",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. inaequiloba",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. laxa",
        "authorship": "(Harz) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. macrobracteata",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. pinguis",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia f. pumila",
        "authorship": "Freyn ex M.Schulze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia subsp. baltica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia subsp. elatior",
        "authorship": "Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia subsp. majalis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. abbreviata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. aequiloba",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. aggregata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "Tinant"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. blyttii",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. brevibracteata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. brevicalcarata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. comosa",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. conica",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. cordigera",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. densa",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. densiflora",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. eboracensis",
        "authorship": "Godfery"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. elata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. elatior",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. humilis",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. inaequiloba",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. integra",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. junialis",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. lagotis",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. lanceata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. lapponica",
        "authorship": "(Laest. ex Hartm.) Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. laxa",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. laxiuscula",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. linguata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. macilenta",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. macrantha",
        "authorship": "Zapał."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. macrobracteata",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. macrochlamys",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. magnicalcarata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. majalis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Kitt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. majalis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. obtusa",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. obtusa",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. orbiculatus",
        "authorship": "Zapał."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. palustris",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. parvicalcarata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. pyramidalis",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. robusta",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. rochelii",
        "authorship": "Griseb. & Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. sparsiflora",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. submaculata",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. tenuior",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. traunsteineri",
        "authorship": "(Saut. ex Rchb.) Godr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. traunsteineriiformis",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. trifida",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. trilobata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. uncinata",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis longifolia",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis longifolia var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis maculata f. schurii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis maculata subsp. lapponica",
        "authorship": "(Laest. ex Hartm.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis maculata subsp. latifolia",
        "authorship": "Bonnier & Layens"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis maculata subsp. latifolia",
        "authorship": "Douin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis maculata subsp. traunsteineri",
        "authorship": "(Saut.) Douin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis maculata var. recurva",
        "authorship": "(Nyland. ex Fr.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis maculata var. schurii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Pauca"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. barlae",
        "authorship": "E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. brevicalcarata",
        "authorship": "Harz ex Schltdl., Langeth. & Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. brevicalcarata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Harz ex Schltdl., Langeth. & Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. laxa",
        "authorship": "Harz ex Schltdl., Langeth. & Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. laxa",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. linearis",
        "authorship": "Thielens"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. linguata",
        "authorship": "Harz ex Schltdl., Langeth. & Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. linguata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. maculata",
        "authorship": "Thielens"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. magnicalcarata",
        "authorship": "Harz ex Schltdl., Langeth. & Schenk"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis f. magnicalcarata",
        "authorship": "Harz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis lus. albiflora",
        "authorship": "Thielens"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis lus. alborosacea",
        "authorship": "Erdner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis lus. pallida",
        "authorship": "Thielens"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis subsp. traunsteinerioides",
        "authorship": "Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis unranked carnea",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis var. eborensis",
        "authorship": "Godfery"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis var. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis majalis var. tharandina",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis monticola",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis monticola subsp. bosniaca",
        "authorship": "(Beck) Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis monticola subsp. cordigera",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Wilmott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis pardalina",
        "authorship": "Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis praetermissa",
        "authorship": "Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis praetermissa f. macrantha",
        "authorship": "(Sipkes) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis praetermissa subsp. integrata",
        "authorship": "(E.G.Camus) E.G.Camus & A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis praetermissa subsp. junialis",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis praetermissa var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis praetermissa var. macrantha",
        "authorship": "Sipkes"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis praetermissa var. pulchella",
        "authorship": "Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis pseudocordigera",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis pseudotraunsteineri subsp. hoeppneri",
        "authorship": "A.Fuchs"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis pseudotraunsteineri subsp. suevica",
        "authorship": "A.Fuchs"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis purpurella",
        "authorship": "T.Stephenson & T.A.Stephenson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis purpurella var. crassifolia",
        "authorship": "T.Stephenson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis purpurella var. maculosa",
        "authorship": "T.Stephenson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis purpurella var. pulchella",
        "authorship": "(Druce) Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis recurva",
        "authorship": "Nyland. ex Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis rhenana",
        "authorship": "Höppner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis rigida",
        "authorship": "Höppner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis rivularis",
        "authorship": "Heuff. ex Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis rocheliana",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis sambucina var. subalpina",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis siculorum",
        "authorship": "(Soó) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis sphagnicola",
        "authorship": "Höppner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis steegeri",
        "authorship": "Höppner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis strictifolia var. elata",
        "authorship": "(Hartm.) Hyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis traunsteineri",
        "authorship": "Saut. ex Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis traunsteineri f. hoeppneri",
        "authorship": "(A.Fuchs) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis traunsteineri var. grisebachii",
        "authorship": "(Pant.) E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis traunsteineri var. schurii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis traunsteinerioides",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis wirtgenii",
        "authorship": "Höppner"
      }
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    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylorhiza_majalis"
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        "attribution": "Wouter Van Landuyt, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
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      {
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        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/billyfullwood",
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        },
        "attribution": "Billy Fullwood, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
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    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALT",
      "EAI",
      "IRK",
      "KAZ",
      "KRA",
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      "ALB",
      "AUT",
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      "NOR",
      "POL",
      "ROM",
      "RUS",
      "SPA",
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      "SWI",
      "UKR"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "EAI",
        "name": "East Aegean Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRK",
        "name": "Irkutsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FOR",
        "name": "Føroyar",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRE",
        "name": "Ireland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
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      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 1174,
    "n_annotated": 1214,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      19,
      421,
      597,
      130,
      5,
      1,
      1,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      26,
      434,
      606,
      139,
      6,
      2,
      1,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      0.7308,
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      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      [
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      ],
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      ],
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      ],
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      ],
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 6,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "tuberous geophyte",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 1.4,
      "median": 7.6,
      "p95": 10.2
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 560.1,
      "median": 691,
      "p95": 792
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 15.6,
      "median": 21,
      "p95": 24
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -12.9,
      "median": -5.6,
      "p95": -0.3
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 608.2,
      "median": 971.2,
      "p95": 1962.7
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 11,
      "median": 26.4,
      "p95": 40
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 102,
      "median": 181.7,
      "p95": 383.5
    },
    "n": 1986,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1986 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/dactylorhiza-majalis/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}