{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/dactylorhiza-incarnata/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "dactylorhiza-incarnata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000936635",
    "inat_taxon_id": 48982
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Dactylorhiza incarnata",
    "authorship": "(L.) Soó",
    "genus": "Dactylorhiza",
    "epithet": "incarnata",
    "family": "Orchidaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Nom. Nov. Gen. Dactylorhiza : 3 (1962)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:626620-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Early marsh-orchid",
      "english": [
        "Early marsh-orchid"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis cruenta",
        "authorship": "(O.F.Müll.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata f. multiangulata",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata f. punctata",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. angustispicata",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. beckii",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. brachyphylla",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. brevicalcarata",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. divaricata",
        "authorship": "(Rich. ex Loisel.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. dunensis",
        "authorship": "(Druce) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. extensa",
        "authorship": "(Hartm.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. haematodes",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. latissima",
        "authorship": "(Zapał.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. leucantha",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. lobelii",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. longibracteata",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. noncircumscripta",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. remota",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. rhombeilabia",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. rhombeilabia",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. serotina",
        "authorship": "(Hausskn. ex M.Schulze) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. sublatifolia",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. triangularis",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis incarnata var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis latifolia",
        "authorship": "(L.) Rothm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis traunsteineri var. dunensis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorchis umbrosa",
        "authorship": "(Kar. & Kir.) Wendelbo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cataonica",
        "authorship": "(H.Fleischm.) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza caucasica var. cataonica",
        "authorship": "(H.Fleischm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza chuhensis",
        "authorship": "Renz & Taubenheim"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cilicica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza coccinea",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza comosa",
        "authorship": "(Scop.) P.D.Sell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cruenta",
        "authorship": "(O.F.Müll.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza cruenta f. ochrantha",
        "authorship": "Wief."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza elata subsp. anatolica",
        "authorship": "E.Nelson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza fistulosa",
        "authorship": "H.Baumann & Künkele"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza gemmana",
        "authorship": "(Pugsley) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza haematodes",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) G.H.Loos"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata f. brevibracteata",
        "authorship": "(Landwehr) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata f. dunensis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata f. haematodes",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata f. ochrantha",
        "authorship": "Landwehr"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata f. punctata",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) R.M.Bateman & Denholm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. baumgartneriana",
        "authorship": "B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. haematodes",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. jugicrucis",
        "authorship": "Akhalk., R.Lorenz & Mosul."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. lobelii",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) H.A.Pedersen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. pulchella",
        "authorship": "(Druce) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. punctata",
        "authorship": "R.Doll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. pyrenaica",
        "authorship": "Balayer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. serotina",
        "authorship": "(Hausskn. ex M.Schulze) Soó & D.M.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. turcestanica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) H.Sund."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. albida",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. baumgartneriana",
        "authorship": "(B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Hyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. brachyphylla",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. brevibracteata",
        "authorship": "Landwehr"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. cruenta",
        "authorship": "(O.F.Müll.) Hyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. cruenta",
        "authorship": "Hyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. dunensis",
        "authorship": "(Druce) Hyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. extensa",
        "authorship": "(Hartm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. haematodes",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. haussknechtii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Buttler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. hyphaematodes",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Løjtnant"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. immaculata",
        "authorship": "Romolini & Sodi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. jugicrucis",
        "authorship": "(Akhalk., R.Lorenz & Mosul.) P.Delforge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. kotschyi",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) H.A.Pedersen, P.J.Cribb & Rolf Kühn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. latissima",
        "authorship": "(Zapał.) Hyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. lobelii",
        "authorship": "(Verm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. macrophylla",
        "authorship": "(Schur) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. ochroleuca",
        "authorship": "(Wüstnei ex Boll) Hyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. reichenbachii",
        "authorship": "Gathoye & D.Tyteca"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. seemenii",
        "authorship": "(Asch. & Graebn.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. serotina",
        "authorship": "(Hausskn. ex M.Schulze) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. straminea",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. sublatifolia",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. trifurca",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza incarnata var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "(J.C.Schmidt ex Lüscher) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza intermedia",
        "authorship": "(Serg.) Kulikov & E.G.Philippov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza kafiriana subsp. baumgartneriana",
        "authorship": "(B.Baumann, H.Baumann, R.Lorenz & Ruedi Peter) Sczep. & Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza kotschyi",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza krylowii",
        "authorship": "(Soó) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza latifolia",
        "authorship": "(L.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. osmanica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) H.Sund."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza merovensis",
        "authorship": "(Grossh.) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza nevskii",
        "authorship": "H.Baumann & Künkele"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza ochroleuca",
        "authorship": "(Wüstnei ex Boll) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza olocheilos",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza osmanica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza osmanica subsp. anatolica",
        "authorship": "(E.Nelson) Eccarius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza osmanica var. anatolica",
        "authorship": "(E.Nelson) Renz & Taubenheim"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza persica",
        "authorship": "(Schltr.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza pulchella",
        "authorship": "(Druce) Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza renzii",
        "authorship": "Aver."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza sanasunitensis",
        "authorship": "(H.Fleischm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza serotina",
        "authorship": "(Hausskn. ex M.Schulze) G.H.Loos"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza strictifolia",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Rauschert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza strictifolia",
        "authorship": "(Opiz) Rauschert ex Hudziok"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza traunsteineri var. dunensis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza umbrosa",
        "authorship": "(Kar. & Kir.) Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza umbrosa subsp. persica",
        "authorship": "(Schltr.) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza umbrosa var. afghanica",
        "authorship": "(Soó) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza umbrosa var. chuhensis",
        "authorship": "(Renz & Taubenheim) Kreutz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza umbrosa var. longibracteata",
        "authorship": "Renz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza umbrosa var. ochroleuca",
        "authorship": "(Bornm.) Renz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza vanensis",
        "authorship": "E.Nelson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dactylorhiza versicolor",
        "authorship": "(J.C.Schmidt ex Lüscher) Gathoye & D.Tyteca"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis altaica",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Loisel. ex Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia subsp. cruenta",
        "authorship": "(O.F.Müll.) C.Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. divaricata",
        "authorship": "Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. extensa",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis angustifolia var. haussknechtii",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cataonica",
        "authorship": "H.Fleischm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cilicica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Schltr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis comosa",
        "authorship": "Scop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis comosa",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis comosa var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Ambrosi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis condensa",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cruenta",
        "authorship": "O.F.Müll."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cruenta var. haematodes",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cruenta var. lanceolata",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cruenta var. subelliptica",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cruenta var. subtriangularis",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis cruentiformis",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis divaricata",
        "authorship": "Boreau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis divaricata",
        "authorship": "Rich. ex Loisel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis extensa",
        "authorship": "(Hartm.) Pritz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis fistulata",
        "authorship": "Stokes"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis fistulosa",
        "authorship": "Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis haematodes",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis hatagirea var. afghanica",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis impudica",
        "authorship": "Crantz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. atrirubra",
        "authorship": "Godfery"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. elatior",
        "authorship": "Serg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. fraasii",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. haematodes",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) M.Schulze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. lanceata",
        "authorship": "(A.Dietr.) Snarskis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. ochroleuca",
        "authorship": "Bornm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. praecox",
        "authorship": "Engenst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. retusa",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. retusa",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. rhombeilabia",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. rostriformis",
        "authorship": "(Zapał.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. stenophylla",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata f. subfoliosa",
        "authorship": "M.Schulze ex Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata lus. haematodes",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata lus. pulchella",
        "authorship": "Höppner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata subsp. cruenta",
        "authorship": "(O.F.Müll.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata subsp. fraasii",
        "authorship": "K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata subsp. fraasii",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata subsp. lanceata",
        "authorship": "(A.Dietr.) E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata subsp. ochroleuca",
        "authorship": "(Wüstnei ex Boll) O.Schwarz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. albida",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. altaica",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. borealis",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. brevicalcarata",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "A.Fuchs"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. divaricata",
        "authorship": "(Rich. ex Loisel.) St.-Lag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. dunensis",
        "authorship": "Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. extensa",
        "authorship": "(Hartm.) Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. fraasii",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. fraasii",
        "authorship": "(K.Richt.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. haematodes",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Paucă"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. haematodes",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. haussknechtii",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) O.Schwarz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. hyphaematodes",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. incisiloba",
        "authorship": "Zapał."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. intermedia",
        "authorship": "Serg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. kotschyi",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. lanceata",
        "authorship": "(A.Dietr.) Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. lanceatafraasii",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. lanceolata",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "(L.) Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "Freyn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. latissima",
        "authorship": "Zapał."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. maxima",
        "authorship": "Cuatrec."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. ochroleuca",
        "authorship": "Wüstnei ex Boll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. olocheilos",
        "authorship": "Boiss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. pallida",
        "authorship": "Brenner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. platyphylla",
        "authorship": "Snarskis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. pulchella",
        "authorship": "Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. rhombeilabiaacroglossa",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. rhombeilabiacruenta",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. rostriformis",
        "authorship": "Zapał."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. seemenii",
        "authorship": "Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. stenophylla",
        "authorship": "Freyn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. straminea",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. subextensa",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. sublatifolia",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. trifurca",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. trilobaretusa",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis incarnata var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "J.C.Schmidt ex Lüscher"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis kotschyi",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) Schltr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis krylovii",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis lanceata",
        "authorship": "A.Dietr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis lapponica subsp. dunensis",
        "authorship": "(Rchb.f.) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia subsp. impudica",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia subsp. incarnata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia subsp. incarnata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Corb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Bab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. cambrica",
        "authorship": "Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. coccinea",
        "authorship": "Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. cruenta",
        "authorship": "(O.F.Müll.) Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. divaricata",
        "authorship": "(Rich. ex Loisel.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. dunensis",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. ecalcarata",
        "authorship": "Lej."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. gemmana",
        "authorship": "Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. hocquartiana",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. incarnata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Coss. & Germ."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. lineare",
        "authorship": "Tinant"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. longibracteata",
        "authorship": "Neilr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. maculata",
        "authorship": "Tinant"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. nemorosa",
        "authorship": "Westerl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. pallida",
        "authorship": "Tinant"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. rubra",
        "authorship": "Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. subincarnata",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis latifolia var. tharandina",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis macra",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis maculata subsp. incarnata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Douin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis matodes",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis merovensis",
        "authorship": "Grossh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis mixta",
        "authorship": "Retz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis mixta var. incantata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Retz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis olocheilos",
        "authorship": "(Boiss.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis olocheilos var. osmanica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis olocheilos var. sanasunitensis",
        "authorship": "(H.Fleischm.) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis orientalis subsp. cilicica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis orientalis subsp. osmanica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis orientalis subsp. turcestanica",
        "authorship": "Klinge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis osmanica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) A.W.Hill"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis palmata",
        "authorship": "Gilib."
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      {
        "name": "Orchis persica",
        "authorship": "Schltr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis richardii",
        "authorship": "Tratt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis sanasunitensis",
        "authorship": "H.Fleischm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis serotina",
        "authorship": "(Hausskn. ex M.Schulze) A.F.Schwarz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis strictiflora",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis strictifolia",
        "authorship": "Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis strictifolia var. extensa",
        "authorship": "(Hartm.) Verm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis strictifolia var. ochroleuca",
        "authorship": "(Wüstnei ex Boll) Nannf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis tharandina",
        "authorship": "Rchb.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis traunsteineri subsp. ochroleuca",
        "authorship": "(Wüstnei ex Boll) O.Schwarz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis traunsteineri var. serotina",
        "authorship": "Hausskn. ex M.Schulze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis turkestanica",
        "authorship": "(Klinge) Klinge ex B.Fedtsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Orchis umbrosa",
        "authorship": "Kar. & Kir."
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    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylorhiza_incarnata"
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      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRE",
        "name": "Ireland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 677,
    "n_annotated": 721,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      6,
      170,
      435,
      64,
      2,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      6,
      179,
      443,
      86,
      4,
      1,
      1,
      0,
      1
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      1,
      0.9497,
      0.9819,
      0.7442,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      [
        0.6097,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.9072,
        0.9733
      ],
      [
        0.9648,
        0.9908
      ],
      [
        0.6429,
        0.8246
      ],
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 4,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 39,
      "by_month": [
        0,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        2,
        5,
        27,
        2,
        1,
        1,
        0,
        1
      ],
      "share": [
        null,
        null,
        null,
        0,
        0.0112,
        0.0113,
        0.314,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "ci": [
        null,
        null,
        null,
        [
          0,
          0.3903
        ],
        [
          0.0031,
          0.0398
        ],
        [
          0.0048,
          0.0261
        ],
        [
          0.2256,
          0.4182
        ],
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "peak_month": 7
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "tuberous geophyte",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 0.2,
      "median": 5.8,
      "p95": 10.7
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 448.3,
      "median": 892.6,
      "p95": 1362.1
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 17.6,
      "median": 23,
      "p95": 25.6
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -25.2,
      "median": -9.3,
      "p95": 2.1
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 432.2,
      "median": 639.9,
      "p95": 1530.4
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 14.9,
      "median": 30,
      "p95": 81.1
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 33.6,
      "median": 106,
      "p95": 262.7
    },
    "n": 1981,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1981 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/dactylorhiza-incarnata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}