Dactylorhiza euxina

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Dactylorhiza euxina, photographed by Борис Георги — fig. b Борис Георги, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 161227343

Dactylorhiza euxina, photographed by Todd Boland — fig. c Todd Boland, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 108243884

Dactylorhiza euxina, photographed by Jacek Pietruszewski — fig. d Jacek Pietruszewski, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205773065

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 3 botanical countries

Native distribution of Dactylorhiza euxina, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.

Region	TDWG code	Continent
North Caucasus	NCS	ASIA-TEMPERATE
Transcaucasus	TCS
Türkiye	TUR

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 861 observations

Condition	5th percentile	Median	95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low	-16.4 °C	-12.0 °C	-7.4 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high	14.2 °C	17.5 °C	22.6 °C
Annual rainfall	810 mm	1,711 mm	3,001 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter	85 mm	284 mm	619 mm

It is found where winters are severely cold. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 861 research-grade observations of Dactylorhiza euxina that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 15 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

Dactylorchis caucasica (Klinge) Soó
Dactylorchis euxina (Nevski) Soó
Dactylorhiza cataonica subsp. caucasica (Klinge) Soó
Dactylorhiza caucasica (Klinge) Soó
Dactylorhiza caucasica var. markowitschii (Soó) Soó
Dactylorhiza euxina var. markowitschii (Soó) Renz & Taubenheim
Dactylorhiza majalis subsp. caucasica (Klinge) H.Sund.
Dactylorhiza markowitschii (Soó) Aver.
Orchis angustifolia var. caucasica (Klinge) E.G.Camus
Orchis caucasica (Klinge) Medw.
Orchis caucasica Medvyedev
Orchis caucasica var. markowitschii Soó
Orchis cordigera var. caucasica (Klinge) Klinge
Orchis euxina Nevski
Orchis monticola subsp. caucasica Klinge

Sourcesevery claim on this page

World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.