{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cyperus-amabilis/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "cyperus-amabilis",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000367601",
    "inat_taxon_id": 161420
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Cyperus amabilis",
    "authorship": "Vahl",
    "genus": "Cyperus",
    "epithet": "amabilis",
    "family": "Cyperaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 318 (1805)",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.cyperaceae.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1679206",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "foothill flatsedge",
      "english": [
        "foothill flatsedge"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Cyperus amabilis var. amabilis",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus amabilis var. macra",
        "authorship": "C.B.Clarke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus amabilis var. macrostachyus",
        "authorship": "(Boeckeler) Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus amabilis var. oligostachyus",
        "authorship": "(Kunth) Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus amabilis var. subacaulis",
        "authorship": "Kük."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus anisostachyos",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus aurantiacus",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus aureus",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus aureus var. aurantiacus",
        "authorship": "(Kunth) Boeckeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus aureus var. macrostachyus",
        "authorship": "Boeckeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus aureus var. oligostachyus",
        "authorship": "(Kunth) Boeckeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus brachyphyllus",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus glareosus",
        "authorship": "Liebm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus guadalajaranus",
        "authorship": "M.E.Jones"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus lepidus",
        "authorship": "Hochst. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus microstachyus",
        "authorship": "Vahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus muelleri",
        "authorship": "Boeckeler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus oligostachyus",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyperus quitensis",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperus_amabilis"
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 6,
    "usable_found": 6,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY",
      "CC-BY-SA"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 8131466,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Neptalí Ramírez Marcial",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/huracan",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/90a263f8-e99c-429e-8c01-4bd8790757d6",
        "observed_on": "2016-12-08",
        "lat": 14.92,
        "lon": -92.275,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/8131466/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/8131466/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/8131466/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/8131466/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Neptalí Ramírez Marcial, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 152160206,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "rosshawkins",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/rosshawkins",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/ae2417ce-f386-4fdd-b189-7351d2ef8fe6",
        "observed_on": "2021-08-17",
        "lat": -22.438,
        "lon": 31.122,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          768
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152160206/r1/400.avif",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152160206/r1/768.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152160206/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152160206/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "rosshawkins, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 152160284,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "rosshawkins",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/rosshawkins",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/ae2417ce-f386-4fdd-b189-7351d2ef8fe6",
        "observed_on": "2021-08-17",
        "lat": -22.438,
        "lon": 31.122,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          768
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152160284/r1/400.avif",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152160284/r1/768.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152160284/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152160284/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "rosshawkins, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 11825215,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Eugenio Padilla",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/eugenio_padilla",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3a8fecae-f1d9-425b-87ce-20737c82e8e3",
        "observed_on": "2017-10-04",
        "lat": 17.144,
        "lon": -96.743,
        "original": {
          "width": 576,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/11825215/r1/400.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/11825215/r1/400.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Eugenio Padilla, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 11825214,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Eugenio Padilla",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/eugenio_padilla",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3a8fecae-f1d9-425b-87ce-20737c82e8e3",
        "observed_on": "2017-10-04",
        "lat": 17.144,
        "lon": -96.743,
        "original": {
          "width": 576,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/11825214/r1/400.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/11825214/r1/400.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Eugenio Padilla, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 11825213,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Eugenio Padilla",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/eugenio_padilla",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3a8fecae-f1d9-425b-87ce-20737c82e8e3",
        "observed_on": "2017-10-04",
        "lat": 17.144,
        "lon": -96.743,
        "original": {
          "width": 576,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/11825213/r1/400.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/11825213/r1/400.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Eugenio Padilla, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ANG",
      "BEN",
      "BOT",
      "BKN",
      "BUR",
      "CMN",
      "CVI",
      "CAF",
      "CHA",
      "COM",
      "CON",
      "ZAI",
      "ERI",
      "SWZ",
      "ETH",
      "GAB",
      "GAM",
      "GHA",
      "GUI",
      "GNB",
      "IVO",
      "KEN",
      "MDG",
      "MLW",
      "MLI",
      "MTN",
      "MOZ",
      "NAM",
      "NGR",
      "NGA",
      "TVL",
      "SEN",
      "SIE",
      "SOC",
      "SOM",
      "SUD",
      "TAN",
      "TOG",
      "UGA",
      "ZAM",
      "ZIM",
      "IND",
      "MYA",
      "VIE",
      "WHM",
      "ARI",
      "MXC",
      "MXG",
      "MXE",
      "MXN",
      "MXT",
      "MXS",
      "ARU",
      "BOL",
      "BZN",
      "BZC",
      "CLM",
      "COS",
      "CUB",
      "DOM",
      "ECU",
      "ELS",
      "GUA",
      "GUY",
      "HON",
      "NLA",
      "NIC",
      "PAN",
      "PER",
      "SUR",
      "VEN"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ANG",
        "name": "Angola",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BEN",
        "name": "Benin",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOT",
        "name": "Botswana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BKN",
        "name": "Burkina",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUR",
        "name": "Burundi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CMN",
        "name": "Cameroon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CVI",
        "name": "Cape Verde",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAF",
        "name": "Central African Republic",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHA",
        "name": "Chad",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "COM",
        "name": "Comoros",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "CON",
        "name": "Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAI",
        "name": "DR Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ERI",
        "name": "Eritrea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWZ",
        "name": "Eswatini",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAB",
        "name": "Gabon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAM",
        "name": "Gambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GHA",
        "name": "Ghana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUI",
        "name": "Guinea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GNB",
        "name": "Guinea-Bissau",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "IVO",
        "name": "Ivory Coast",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLW",
        "name": "Malawi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLI",
        "name": "Mali",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MTN",
        "name": "Mauritania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAM",
        "name": "Namibia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGR",
        "name": "Niger",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGA",
        "name": "Nigeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEN",
        "name": "Senegal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIE",
        "name": "Sierra Leone",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOC",
        "name": "Socotra",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOM",
        "name": "Somalia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TOG",
        "name": "Togo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "ARU",
        "name": "Aruba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NLA",
        "name": "Netherlands Antilles",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "annual",
    "climate": "seasonally dry tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": null,
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "climate_envelope",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/cyperus-amabilis/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}