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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cyclosorus-interruptus/",
  "last_modified": "2024-12-16",
  "id": {
    "slug": "cyclosorus-interruptus",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001110853",
    "inat_taxon_id": 369393
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  "name": {
    "scientific": "Cyclosorus interruptus",
    "authorship": "(Willd.) H.Itô",
    "genus": "Cyclosorus",
    "epithet": "interruptus",
    "family": "Thelypteridaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51: 714, f. 9 (1937)",
    "protologue_url": "https://pteridogroup.github.io/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Hottentot Fern",
      "english": [
        "Hottentot Fern",
        "Swamp cyclosorus",
        "Willdenow's maiden fern",
        "Willdenow’s Fern"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Aspidium aneitense",
        "authorship": "E.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium continuum",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium dissectum",
        "authorship": "Mett."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium ecklonii",
        "authorship": "Kunze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium lucens",
        "authorship": "Bojer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium obtusatum",
        "authorship": "Sw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium paludosum",
        "authorship": "(Liebm.) Mett."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium pinnatifido-serratum",
        "authorship": "Mett."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium plantianum",
        "authorship": "Kuhn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium pohlianum",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium propinquoides",
        "authorship": "Mett. ex Salomon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium propinquum",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Sw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium resiniferum",
        "authorship": "Kaulf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium serra",
        "authorship": "Schkuhr"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium unitum var. hirsutum",
        "authorship": "Mett."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium unitum var. propinquum",
        "authorship": "F.M.Bailey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium venulosum",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus goggilodus f. paucipilosus",
        "authorship": "H.Itô"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus goggilodus var. hirsutus",
        "authorship": "Farw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus gongylodes",
        "authorship": "(Schkuhr) Farw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus gongylodes var. glaber",
        "authorship": "(Mett.) H.Itô"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus gongylodes var. hirsutus",
        "authorship": "(Mett.) Farw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus interruptus",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus lenormandii",
        "authorship": "(C.Chr.) Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris gongylodes",
        "authorship": "(Schkuhr) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris gongylodes subsp. propinqua",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) C.Chr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris gongylodes var. glabra",
        "authorship": "(Mett.) C.Chr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris gongylodes var. glabra",
        "authorship": "(Mett.) H.Itô"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris gongylodes var. hirsuta",
        "authorship": "(Mett.) Bonap."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris gongylodes var. hirsuta",
        "authorship": "(Mett.) C.Chr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris gongylodes var. longipinna",
        "authorship": "C.Chr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris gongylodes var. longipinnulata",
        "authorship": "Bonap."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris gongylodes var. propinqua",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Bonap."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris interrupta",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris lenormandii",
        "authorship": "C.Chr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris obtusata",
        "authorship": "(Sw.) F.Ballard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris propinqua",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Gilbert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris unita",
        "authorship": "(Sw.) Maxon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Filix goggilodes",
        "authorship": "Farw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Goniopteris cheilocarpa",
        "authorship": "Fée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Goniopteris pennigera",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypopeltis marginifera",
        "authorship": "Bory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypopeltis propinquoides",
        "authorship": "Bory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium aneitense",
        "authorship": "(E.Fourn.) Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium consanguineum",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium contiguum",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium continuum",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium dissectum",
        "authorship": "(Mett.) Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium ecklonianum",
        "authorship": "Pappe & Rawson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium ecklonii",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium gongylodes",
        "authorship": "(Schkuhr) Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium gongylodes var. ecklonii",
        "authorship": "Kümmerle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium gongylodus",
        "authorship": "(Schkuhr) Watts"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium inaequilaterum",
        "authorship": "Colenso"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium lucens",
        "authorship": "Bojer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium microcarpum",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium obtusatum",
        "authorship": "(Sw.) C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium obtusatum",
        "authorship": "(Sw.) Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium paludosum",
        "authorship": "Liebm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium plantianum",
        "authorship": "Pappe & Rawson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium pohlianum",
        "authorship": "(C.Presl) C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium propinquum",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium pteroides",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Hook. & Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium resiniferum",
        "authorship": "Hook. & Arn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium serratum",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium unitum var. glabrum",
        "authorship": "Davenp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium unitum var. propinquum",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium venulosum",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Phymatodes secunda",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Polypodium pennigerum",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Polypodium secundum",
        "authorship": "Wall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Polystichum gongylodes",
        "authorship": "(Schkuhr) Gaudich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Polystichum propinquum",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Gaudich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Polystichum serratum",
        "authorship": "Gaudich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pteris crenata",
        "authorship": "Vell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pteris interrupta",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tectaria marginalis",
        "authorship": "Cav."
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      {
        "name": "Thelypteris aneitensis",
        "authorship": "(Fourn.) C.F.Reed"
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      {
        "name": "Thelypteris goggilodus",
        "authorship": "(Schkuhr) Small"
      },
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        "name": "Thelypteris gongylodes",
        "authorship": "(Schkuhr) Small"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris interrupta",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) K.Iwats."
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris lenormandii",
        "authorship": "(C.Chr.) Christenh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris totta f. paucipilosa",
        "authorship": "(H.Itô) C.F.Reed"
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        "name": "Thelypteris totta var. glabra",
        "authorship": "(Mett. ex H.Itô) C.F.Reed"
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      {
        "name": "Thelypteris totta var. hirsuta",
        "authorship": "(Mett.) C.V.Morton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris totta var. longipinna",
        "authorship": "(C.Chr.) C.V.Morton"
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      "HAI",
      "HON",
      "JAM",
      "LEE",
      "NIC",
      "PAN",
      "PAR",
      "PER",
      "PUE",
      "SUR",
      "URU",
      "VEN",
      "WIN"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ANG",
        "name": "Angola",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOT",
        "name": "Botswana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUR",
        "name": "Burundi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CMN",
        "name": "Cameroon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CPP",
        "name": "Cape Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAF",
        "name": "Central African Republic",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHA",
        "name": "Chad",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CGS",
        "name": "Chagos Archipelago",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "COM",
        "name": "Comoros",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAI",
        "name": "DR Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWZ",
        "name": "Eswatini",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAB",
        "name": "Gabon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAM",
        "name": "Gambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUI",
        "name": "Guinea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GGI",
        "name": "Gulf of Guinea Is.",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "IVO",
        "name": "Ivory Coast",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAT",
        "name": "KwaZulu-Natal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBR",
        "name": "Liberia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLW",
        "name": "Malawi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAU",
        "name": "Mauritius",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAM",
        "name": "Namibia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGR",
        "name": "Niger",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "RWA",
        "name": "Rwanda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "REU",
        "name": "Réunion",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEN",
        "name": "Senegal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHH",
        "name": "Hainan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NNS",
        "name": "Nansei-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AND",
        "name": "Andaman Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BIS",
        "name": "Bismarck Archipelago",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOR",
        "name": "Borneo",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CBD",
        "name": "Cambodia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "EHM",
        "name": "East Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDV",
        "name": "Maldives",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOL",
        "name": "Solomon Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NZN",
        "name": "New Zealand North",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "New Zealand"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIC",
        "name": "Victoria",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAU",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "FLA",
        "name": "Florida",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LOU",
        "name": "Louisiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "CRL",
        "name": "Caroline Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "COO",
        "name": "Cook Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "EAS",
        "name": "Easter Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIJ",
        "name": "Fiji",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAW",
        "name": "Hawaii",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "North-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRN",
        "name": "Marianas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRS",
        "name": "Marshall Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWC",
        "name": "New Caledonia",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAM",
        "name": "Samoa",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCI",
        "name": "Society Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TON",
        "name": "Tonga",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUB",
        "name": "Tubuai Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGE",
        "name": "Argentina Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGW",
        "name": "Argentina Northwest",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZE",
        "name": "Brazil Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZS",
        "name": "Brazil South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZL",
        "name": "Brazil Southeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAY",
        "name": "Cayman Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLN",
        "name": "Chile North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRG",
        "name": "French Guiana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAL",
        "name": "Galápagos",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAM",
        "name": "Jamaica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "LEE",
        "name": "Leeward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAR",
        "name": "Paraguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PUE",
        "name": "Puerto Rico",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "URU",
        "name": "Uruguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "WIN",
        "name": "Windward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 17.1,
      "median": 22.6,
      "p95": 26.7
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 85.6,
      "median": 357.9,
      "p95": 472.8
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 25.3,
      "median": 30.5,
      "p95": 32.3
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 8.2,
      "median": 13.5,
      "p95": 22.6
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 986.3,
      "median": 1437.6,
      "p95": 3014.2
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 22.8,
      "median": 55.1,
      "p95": 87.1
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 49.6,
      "median": 171.6,
      "p95": 458.6
    },
    "n": 1985,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1985 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/cyclosorus-interruptus/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}