{
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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ctenidium-molluscum/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-03",
  "id": {
    "slug": "ctenidium-molluscum",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001181260",
    "inat_taxon_id": 124395
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Ctenidium molluscum",
    "authorship": "(Hedw.) Mitt.",
    "genus": "Ctenidium",
    "epithet": "molluscum",
    "family": "Ctenidiaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 509. 1869.",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.bryonames.org/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "mollusc ctenidium moss",
      "english": [
        "mollusc ctenidium moss"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Brachythecium velutinoides",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium distinguendum",
        "authorship": "Głow."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum f. fluitans",
        "authorship": "(Hamm.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum f. gracile",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Demaret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum f. tenuissimum",
        "authorship": "(T.Jensen ex Grønlund) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum subsp. subplumiferum",
        "authorship": "(Kindb.) Giacom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. condensatum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) E.Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. crispulum",
        "authorship": "(Holler ex Molendo) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. croceum",
        "authorship": "Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. cylindrocarpum",
        "authorship": "Latzel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. distinguendum",
        "authorship": "(Głow.) G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. erectum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. falcatulum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. fastigiatum",
        "authorship": "(Bosw.) Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. fluitans",
        "authorship": "Hamm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. glaberrimum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. gracile",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. gracillimum",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. mollissimum",
        "authorship": "G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. procerum",
        "authorship": "Bryhn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. robustum",
        "authorship": "Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. sericeum",
        "authorship": "(J.E.Zetterst.) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. simplex",
        "authorship": "(Jur.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. squarrosulum",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. stoloniferum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. subplumiferum",
        "authorship": "(Kindb.) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. tenellum",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. tenue",
        "authorship": "Riehm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. tenuissimum",
        "authorship": "(T.Jensen ex Grønlund) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. velutinoides",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ctenidium molluscum var. winteri",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cupressina mollusca",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum balearicum",
        "authorship": "Dixon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum compressum",
        "authorship": "With."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum crista-castrensis",
        "authorship": "Roth ex DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum cristacastrensis var. molluscum",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Schumach."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum delitescens",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fastigiatum subsp. balearicum",
        "authorship": "(Dixon) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum intortum",
        "authorship": "Stirt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum",
        "authorship": "Hedw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum f. elongatum",
        "authorship": "Matousch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. condensatum",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. crispulum",
        "authorship": "Holler ex Molendo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. erectum",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. fastigiatum",
        "authorship": "Bosw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. fluitans",
        "authorship": "(Hamm.) Fam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. gracile",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. gracillimum",
        "authorship": "Géneau & Maheu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. gracillimum",
        "authorship": "Kern"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. robustum",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. robustum",
        "authorship": "Molendo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. sericeum",
        "authorship": "J.E.Zetterst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. simplex",
        "authorship": "Jur."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. squarrosulum",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. subplumiferum",
        "authorship": "(Kindb.) Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. tenellum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. tenuissimum",
        "authorship": "T.Jensen ex Grønlund"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. terrestre",
        "authorship": "Spruce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. vulgare",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum molluscum var. winteri",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum provectum",
        "authorship": "Stirt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum ravaudii subsp. balearicum",
        "authorship": "(Dixon) Wijk & Margad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum subplumiferum",
        "authorship": "Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum timmii",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Stereodon molluscus",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Mitt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Thuidium molluscum",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Mitt. ex Zodda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thuidium molluscum var. condensatum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Zodda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thuidium molluscum var. erectum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Zodda"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thuidium molluscum var. gracile",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Zodda"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenidium_molluscum"
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  "traits": {
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    "climate": null
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      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
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      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
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      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
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    },
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    },
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      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
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  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
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    {
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      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/ctenidium-molluscum/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}