Crotalaria pallidaAiton

smooth rattlebox

WFO wfo-0000209124 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Crotalaria pallida, photographed by 雲一百香果
fig. a 雲一百香果, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-11 / obs. 205109525

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 59 botanical countries

Regions where Crotalaria pallida is native: Angola, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan-South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Taiwan, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, East Himalaya, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya AngolaBeninBurkinaBurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicChadCongoDR CongoEquatorial GuineaEswatiniEthiopiaGabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauGulf of Guinea Is.Ivory CoastKenyaKwaZulu-NatalLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMozambiqueNigerNigeriaNorthern ProvincesRwandaSenegalSierra LeoneSudan-South SudanTanzaniaTogoUgandaZambiaZimbabweChina North-CentralChina South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanTaiwanAssamBangladeshCambodiaEast HimalayaIndiaLaosMyanmarNepalPakistanSri LankaThailandVietnamWest Himalaya ComorosAndaman Is.Nicobar Is.
Native distribution of Crotalaria pallida, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Angola ANG AFRICA
Benin BEN
Burkina BKN
Burundi BUR
Cameroon CMN
Central African Republic CAF
Chad CHA
Comoros COM
Congo CON
DR Congo ZAI
Equatorial Guinea EQG
Eswatini SWZ
Ethiopia ETH
Gabon GAB
Gambia GAM
Ghana GHA
Guinea GUI
Guinea-Bissau GNB
Gulf of Guinea Is. GGI
Ivory Coast IVO
Kenya KEN
KwaZulu-Natal NAT
Liberia LBR
Madagascar MDG
Malawi MLW
Mali MLI
Mozambique MOZ
Niger NGR
Nigeria NGA
Northern Provinces TVL
Rwanda RWA
Senegal SEN
Sierra Leone SIE
Sudan-South Sudan SUD
Tanzania TAN
Togo TOG
Uganda UGA
Zambia ZAM
Zimbabwe ZIM
Andaman Is. AND ASIA-TROPICAL
Assam ASS
Bangladesh BAN
Cambodia CBD
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Laos LAO
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
Nicobar Is. NCB
Pakistan PAK
Sri Lanka SRL
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
West Himalaya WHM
China North-Central CHN ASIA-TEMPERATE
China South-Central CHC
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Taiwan TAI

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 214 in flower of 248 examined

Proportion of examined Crotalaria pallida in flower, by month
Month In flower Examined Share 95% interval
Jan 21 23 91% 73% to 98%
Feb 17 18 94% 74% to 99%
Mar 15 16 94% 72% to 99%
Apr 21 26 81% 62% to 91%
May 14 15 93% 70% to 99%
Jun 12 18 67% 44% to 84%
Jul 22 25 88% 70% to 96%
Aug 19 21 90% 71% to 97%
Sep 16 19 84% 62% to 94%
Oct 12 15 80% 55% to 93%
Nov 16 18 89% 67% to 97%
Dec 29 34 85% 70% to 94%

Peak flowering in Feb. Each bar is the share of Crotalaria pallida observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 214 of 248 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 2,004 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 8.5 °C 14.5 °C 23.5 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 26.3 °C 30.4 °C 32.8 °C
Annual rainfall 910 mm 1,405 mm 3,034 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 29 mm 176 mm 364 mm

It is barely found anywhere that freezes. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 2,004 research-grade observations of Crotalaria pallida that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 23 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Clavulium mucronatum (Desv.) G.Don
  • Crotalaria brownei Bertero ex DC.
  • Crotalaria falcata Vahl ex DC.
  • Crotalaria fertilis Delile
  • Crotalaria hookeri Arn.
  • Crotalaria javanica Jungh.
  • Crotalaria latifolia Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.
  • Crotalaria mucronata Desv.
  • Crotalaria mucronata var. acutifolia (Trimen) Vajr. & J.Joseph
  • Crotalaria obovata G.Don
  • Crotalaria pallida sensu Klotzsch, non Aiton
  • Crotalaria pisiformis Guill. & Perr.
  • Crotalaria schumacheri D.Dietr.
  • Crotalaria siamica F.N.Williams
  • Crotalaria striata Schumach. & Thonn.
  • Crotalaria striata DC.
  • Crotalaria striata f. latifoliolata De Wild.
  • Crotalaria striata var. acutifolia Trimen
  • Crotalaria striata var. acutifolia Trin.
  • Crotalaria tinctoria Boivin ex Baill.
  • Crotalaria zuccariniana D.Dietr.
  • Lebeckia rostrata Fenzl
  • Lupinus africanus Lour.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.