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  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "crataegus-macrocarpa",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001016197",
    "inat_taxon_id": 1446667
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Crataegus × macrocarpa",
    "authorship": "Hegetschw.",
    "genus": "Crataegus",
    "epithet": "macrocarpa",
    "family": "Rosaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fl. Schweiz : 464 (1839)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:723748-1",
    "common": {
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      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Crataegus apiifolia",
        "authorship": "Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus austromoravica",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus bohemica",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus brandenii",
        "authorship": "R.Doll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus calciphila",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus calciphila var. hadensis",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus calycina",
        "authorship": "Peterm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus corniculata",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová ex Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus eremitagensis",
        "authorship": "Raunk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus laevigata subsp. nemorensis",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Dostál"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus lepida",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa subsp. austromoravica",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa subsp. baranecii",
        "authorship": "Ker.-Nagy & J.Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa subsp. calciphila",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa subsp. hercynica",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa subsp. sudetica",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa var. belanensis",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa var. bohemica",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa var. calycina",
        "authorship": "(Peterm.) Kerguélen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa var. cebinensis",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa var. cremnicensis",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa var. curvisepaloides",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa var. mikulcicensis",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus macrocarpa var. nemorensis",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus masovica",
        "authorship": "Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus mikulcicensis",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus monogyna subsp. calycina",
        "authorship": "(Peterm.) Cajander"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus monogyna var. calycina",
        "authorship": "(Peterm.) A.Kern."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus monogyna var. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) K.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus monogyna var. stenosepala",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus ovalis",
        "authorship": "Kit."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus ovalis var. somodii",
        "authorship": "Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus oxyacantha f. longisepala",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus oxyacantha f. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus oxyacantha prol. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. nemorensis",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus oxyacantha var. cremnicensis",
        "authorship": "Hrabětová"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus oxyacantha var. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) H.Lév."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus oxyacantha var. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) Gaut."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus oxyacantha var. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) P.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus oxyacanthoides subsp. calciphila",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus palmstruchii",
        "authorship": "Dostál"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus palmstruchii var. lepida",
        "authorship": "Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus pseudooxyacantha",
        "authorship": "Cinovskis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus pseudooxyacantha subsp. longisepala",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus pseudooxyacantha var. subcurvisepala",
        "authorship": "Cinovskis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus pyricarpa",
        "authorship": "R.Doll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus roubalii",
        "authorship": "Chrtek & Křísa"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus schumacheri",
        "authorship": "Raunk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus sudetica",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus uhrovae",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus uhrovae var. subcurvisepala",
        "authorship": "(Cinovskis) Cinovskis"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus walokochiana var. hadensis",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Ker.-Nagy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crataegus walokochiana var. hercynica",
        "authorship": "(Hrabětová) Ker.-Nagy"
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      {
        "name": "Mespilus monogyna var. calycina",
        "authorship": "(Peterm.) Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mespilus monogyna var. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) Wenz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mespilus oxyacantha prol. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mespilus oxyacantha var. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) Gremli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Oxyacantha macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) M.Roem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oxyacantha macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Hegetschw.) M.Roem."
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    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 44 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/crataegus-macrocarpa/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}