{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cordyline-fruticosa/", "last_modified": "2025-12-15", "id": { "slug": "cordyline-fruticosa", "wfo": "wfo-0000764243", "inat_taxon_id": 123572 }, "name": { "scientific": "Cordyline fruticosa", "authorship": "(L.) A.Chev.", "genus": "Cordyline", "epithet": "fruticosa", "family": "Asparagaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Cat. Pl. Jard. Bot. Saigon : 66 (1919)", "protologue_url": null, "common": { "preferred": "tiplant", "english": [ "tiplant" ], "source": "wikidata" }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Aletris chinensis", "authorship": "Lam." }, { "name": "Calodracon heliconiifolia", "authorship": "(Otto & A.Dietr.) Planch." }, { "name": "Calodracon nobilis", "authorship": "Planch." }, { "name": "Calodracon sieberi", "authorship": "(Kunth) Planch." }, { "name": "Calodracon terminalis", "authorship": "(L.) Planch." }, { "name": "Convallaria fruticosa", "authorship": "L." }, { "name": "Cordyline amabilis", "authorship": "Cogn. & Marchal" }, { "name": "Cordyline baptisti", "authorship": "Cogn. & Marchal" }, { "name": "Cordyline cheesemanii", "authorship": "Kirk" }, { "name": "Cordyline dennisoni", "authorship": "André" }, { "name": "Cordyline densicoma", "authorship": "Linden & André" }, { "name": "Cordyline eschscholziana", "authorship": "Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f." }, { "name": "Cordyline gloriosa", "authorship": "Linden & André" }, { "name": "Cordyline guilfoylei", "authorship": "Hort.Linden ex Lem." }, { "name": "Cordyline hedychioides", "authorship": "F.Muell." }, { "name": "Cordyline heliconiifolia", "authorship": "Otto & A.Dietr." }, { "name": "Cordyline hendersonii", "authorship": "Cogn. & Marchal" }, { "name": "Cordyline javanica", "authorship": "Klotzsch ex Kunth" }, { "name": "Cordyline kewensis", "authorship": "Sander" }, { "name": "Cordyline metallica", "authorship": "Dallière" }, { "name": "Cordyline nobilis", "authorship": "(Planch.) K.Koch" }, { "name": "Cordyline reali", "authorship": "(Linden & André) G.Nicholson" }, { "name": "Cordyline regina", "authorship": "Veitch ex Regel" }, { "name": "Cordyline sepiaria", "authorship": "Seem." }, { "name": "Cordyline sieberi", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Cordyline terminalis var. baileyi", "authorship": "F.M.Bailey" }, { "name": "Cordyline terminalis var. boryi", "authorship": "Benth." }, { "name": "Cordyline terminalis var. hedychioides", "authorship": "(F.Muell.) Baker" }, { "name": "Cordyline terminalis var. sepiaria", "authorship": "(Seem.) Benth." }, { "name": "Cordyline terminalis var. sieberi", "authorship": "(Kunth) Benth." }, { "name": "Cordyline terminalis var. ti", "authorship": "(Schott) Benth." }, { "name": "Cordyline ti", "authorship": "Schott" }, { "name": "Cordyline timorensis", "authorship": "Planch." }, { "name": "Dianella cubensis", "authorship": "A.Rich." }, { "name": "Dracaena alborosea", "authorship": "hort. ex Baker" }, { "name": "Dracaena argenteo-striata", "authorship": "W.Bull" }, { "name": "Dracaena aurora", "authorship": "Linden & André" }, { "name": "Dracaena barteti", "authorship": "Carrière" }, { "name": "Dracaena bellula", "authorship": "Linden & André" }, { "name": "Dracaena brasiliensis", "authorship": "Schult. & Schult.f." }, { "name": "Dracaena casanovae", "authorship": "Linden & André" }, { "name": "Dracaena chelsonii", "authorship": "Veitch" }, { "name": "Dracaena cooperi", "authorship": "hort. ex Regel" }, { "name": "Dracaena cuprea", "authorship": "T.Moore" }, { "name": "Dracaena esculenta", "authorship": "Regel" }, { "name": "Dracaena formosa", "authorship": "W.Bull" }, { "name": "Dracaena fraseri", "authorship": "hort. ex Baker" }, { "name": "Dracaena gloriosa", "authorship": "Linden ex É.Morren" }, { "name": "Dracaena guilfoylei", "authorship": "Veitch" }, { "name": "Dracaena hendersonii", "authorship": "J.H.Veitch" }, { "name": "Dracaena illustris", "authorship": "W.Bull" }, { "name": "Dracaena imperialis", "authorship": "hort. ex Baker" }, { "name": "Dracaena inscripta", "authorship": "W.Bull" }, { "name": "Dracaena kewensis", "authorship": "Sander" }, { "name": "Dracaena leonensis", "authorship": "Lodd. ex Loudon" }, { "name": "Dracaena lineata", "authorship": "hort. ex Baker" }, { "name": "Dracaena lutescens", "authorship": "Verschaff." }, { "name": "Dracaena macleayi", "authorship": "hort. ex Regel" }, { "name": "Dracaena magnifica", "authorship": "hort. ex Baker" }, { "name": "Dracaena metallica", "authorship": "W.Bull" }, { "name": "Dracaena neocaledonica", "authorship": "Linden" }, { "name": "Dracaena nigrostriata", "authorship": "W.Bull" }, { "name": "Dracaena picta", "authorship": "W.Bull" }, { "name": "Dracaena princeps", "authorship": "W.Bull" }, { "name": "Dracaena pulchella", "authorship": "hort. ex Baker" }, { "name": "Dracaena reali", "authorship": "Linden & André" }, { "name": "Dracaena reginae", "authorship": "T.Moore" }, { "name": "Dracaena regis", "authorship": "André" }, { "name": "Dracaena robinsoniana", "authorship": "hort. ex André" }, { "name": "Dracaena rothiana", "authorship": "Carrière" }, { "name": "Dracaena salviati", "authorship": "Linden" }, { "name": "Dracaena sepiaria", "authorship": "Seem." }, { "name": "Dracaena spectabilis", "authorship": "hort. ex Baker" }, { "name": "Dracaena splendens", "authorship": "hort. ex Baker" }, { "name": "Dracaena stenophylla", "authorship": "K.Koch" }, { "name": "Dracaena sulcata", "authorship": "hort. ex Baker" }, { "name": "Dracaena terminalis", "authorship": "L." }, { "name": "Dracaena troubetzkoi", "authorship": "Linden & André" }, { "name": "Dracaena warocquei", "authorship": "Linden & André" }, { "name": "Draco stenophylla", "authorship": "(K.Koch) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Ezehlsia palma", "authorship": "Lour. ex B.A.Gomes" }, { "name": "Taetsia ferrea", "authorship": "Medik." }, { "name": "Taetsia fruticosa", "authorship": "(L.) Merr." }, { "name": "Taetsia fruticosa var. casanovae", "authorship": "(Linden & André) Guillaumin" }, { "name": "Taetsia fruticosa var. ferrea", "authorship": "Standl." }, { "name": "Terminalis fruticosa", "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze" } ], "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordyline_fruticosa" }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 90, "licences": [ "CC0", "CC-BY" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 198445828, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Tyler Bishop", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/zoology123", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/488212df-bb63-4ac4-b533-4f785c105e1b", "observed_on": "2022-05-16", "lat": 19.719, "lon": -155.109, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198445828/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198445828/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198445828/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198445828/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Tyler Bishop, CC BY 4.0, 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38957808, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "bungelina", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/bungelina", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/5f6f3274-5c62-4f78-b026-6479e21539c9", "observed_on": "2019-04-29", "lat": 22.089, "lon": -159.413, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/38957808/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/38957808/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/38957808/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/38957808/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "bungelina, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" } ] }, "native_range": { "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3", "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "excludes": [ "introduced", "extinct", "location_doubtful" ], "codes": [ "BIS", "NWG", "SOL", "QLD", "CRL", "FIJ", "MRN", "MRS", "SCZ", "VAN", "WAL" ], "regions": [ { "code": "BIS", "name": "Bismarck Archipelago", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Papuasia" }, { "code": "NWG", "name": "New Guinea", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Papuasia" }, { "code": "SOL", "name": "Solomon Is.", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Papuasia" }, { "code": "QLD", "name": "Queensland", "continent": "AUSTRALASIA", "region": "Australia" }, { "code": "CRL", "name": "Caroline Is.", "continent": "PACIFIC", "region": "Northwestern Pacific" }, { "code": "FIJ", "name": "Fiji", "continent": "PACIFIC", "region": "Southwestern Pacific" }, { "code": "MRN", "name": "Marianas", "continent": "PACIFIC", "region": "Northwestern Pacific" }, { "code": "MRS", "name": "Marshall Is.", "continent": "PACIFIC", "region": "Northwestern Pacific" }, { "code": "SCZ", "name": "Santa Cruz Is.", "continent": "PACIFIC", "region": "Southwestern Pacific" }, { "code": "VAN", "name": "Vanuatu", "continent": "PACIFIC", "region": "Southwestern Pacific" }, { "code": "WAL", "name": "Wallis-Futuna Is.", "continent": "PACIFIC", "region": "Southwestern Pacific" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 18, "n_annotated": 98, "sufficient": false, "doi": null, "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "shrub or tree", "climate": "wet tropical" }, "climate_envelope": { "mean_annual_temp_c": { "p5": 16.7, "median": 22.7, "p95": 26.3 }, "temp_seasonality": { "p5": 49.5, "median": 120.7, "p95": 210.2 }, "max_temp_warmest_month_c": { "p5": 21.7, "median": 26.2, "p95": 30.7 }, "min_temp_coldest_month_c": { "p5": 12, "median": 19.4, "p95": 23.3 }, "annual_precip_mm": { "p5": 802.7, "median": 2138.8, "p95": 4811.3 }, "precip_seasonality": { "p5": 17.6, "median": 32.9, "p95": 63.4 }, "precip_driest_quarter_mm": { "p5": 85.1, "median": 286.1, "p95": 989.6 }, "n": 1584, "units": { "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius", "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)", "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)", "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year", "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter" }, "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec", "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.", "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "occurrences_doi": null, "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1584 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.", "is_hardiness_zone": false, "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other." }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Wikidata", "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-13" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "hardiness_zone", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all." }, { "field": "phenology", "status": "insufficient_evidence", "reason": "Only 18 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/cordyline-fruticosa/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }