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  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
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    "wfo": "wfo-0000916046",
    "inat_taxon_id": 291284
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    "scientific": "Coleus scutellarioides",
    "authorship": "(L.) Benth.",
    "genus": "Coleus",
    "epithet": "scutellarioides",
    "family": "Lamiaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Pl. Asiat. Rar.  2: 16 (1830)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:446165-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "common coleus",
      "english": [
        "common coleus"
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      "source": "usda"
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    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Calchas acuminatus",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calchas atropurpureus",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calchas crispipilus",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calchas scutellarioides",
        "authorship": "(L.) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calchas scutellarioides var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calchas scutellarioides var. crispipilus",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calchas scutellarioides var. limnophila",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) P.V.Heath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus acuminatus",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus atropurpureus",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus atropurpureus var. densiflorus",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus atropurpureus var. javanicus",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus atropurpureus var. ramosus",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus batemannii",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus bausei",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus bellotii",
        "authorship": "Jacob-Makoy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus berkeleyi",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus blancoi",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus blumei",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus blumei var. marshallii",
        "authorship": "(T.Moore) Rothsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus blumei var. murrayi",
        "authorship": "(T.Moore) Rothsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus blumei var. pectinatus",
        "authorship": "C.Morren"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus blumei var. telfordii",
        "authorship": "(McPhail ex Laurentius) Rothsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus blumei var. verschaffeltii",
        "authorship": "(Lem.) Sved., Junell & Örtendahl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus clarkei",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus crispipilus",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus dixii",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus eureka",
        "authorship": "Anon."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus formosanus",
        "authorship": "Hayata"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus gaudichaudii",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus gibbsiae",
        "authorship": "S.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus gibsonii",
        "authorship": "J.J.Veitch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus grandifolius",
        "authorship": "Blanco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus grandifolius",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus hendersonii",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus hybridus",
        "authorship": "Cobeau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus igolotorum",
        "authorship": "Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus ingratus",
        "authorship": "(Blume) Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus integrifolius",
        "authorship": "Elmer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus laciniatus",
        "authorship": "(Blume) Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus macranthus",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus macranthus var. crispipilus",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus marmoratus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus marshallii",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus morletii",
        "authorship": "Jacob-Makoy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus multicolor",
        "authorship": "J.H.Veitch ex Kellock"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus multiflorus",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus murrayi",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus pictus",
        "authorship": "Van Houtte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus pubescens",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus pumilius",
        "authorship": "Blanco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus rehneltianus",
        "authorship": "A.Berger"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus reveesii",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus ruckeri",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus saundersii",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus savannicola",
        "authorship": "K.Schum."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scottii",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides unranked ruber",
        "authorship": "Jacob-Makoy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. blumei",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. celebicus",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. crispipilus",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) H.Keng"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. gibbsiae",
        "authorship": "(S.Moore) Keng"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. grandifolius",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Keng"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. ingratus",
        "authorship": "(Blume) Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. integrifolius",
        "authorship": "(Elmer) Keng"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. laciniatus",
        "authorship": "(Blume) Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. laxa",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus scutellarioides var. limnophila",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus secundiflorus",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus telfordii",
        "authorship": "McPhail ex Laurentius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus thomasii",
        "authorship": "Jacob-Makoy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus veitchii",
        "authorship": "Dombrain"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus verschaffeltii",
        "authorship": "Lem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus verschaffeltii var. marmoratus",
        "authorship": "(W.Bull) André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus verschaffeltii var. splendens",
        "authorship": "Anon."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleus zschokkei",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Germanea nudiflora",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Majana acuminata",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Majana blancoi",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Majana grandifolia",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Majana multiflora",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Majana pumila",
        "authorship": "(Blanco) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Majana scutellariodes",
        "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Majana scutellarioides var. atropurpureus",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Majana scutellarioides var. blumei",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Kuntze"
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      {
        "name": "Majana secundiflora",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ocimum peltatum",
        "authorship": "Schweigg. ex Schrank"
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      {
        "name": "Ocimum scutellarioides",
        "authorship": "L."
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      {
        "name": "Perilla nankinensis",
        "authorship": "Wender."
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      {
        "name": "Plectranthus aromaticus",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
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        "name": "Plectranthus blumei",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Launert"
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        "name": "Plectranthus ingratus",
        "authorship": "Blume"
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        "name": "Plectranthus laciniatus",
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        "authorship": "H.Keng"
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      {
        "name": "Plectranthus nudiflorus",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) Willd."
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        "name": "Plectranthus scutellarioides",
        "authorship": "(L.) R.Br."
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        "name": "Plectranthus scutellarioides",
        "authorship": "Blume"
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        "name": "Solenostemon blumei",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) M.Gómez"
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        "name": "Solenostemon scutellarioides",
        "authorship": "(L.) Codd"
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        "name": "Solenostemon verschaffeltii",
        "authorship": "(Lem.) M.Gómez"
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      {
        "name": "Stenogyne fauriei",
        "authorship": "H.Lév."
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        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "BIS",
        "name": "Bismarck Archipelago",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOR",
        "name": "Borneo",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CBD",
        "name": "Cambodia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOL",
        "name": "Solomon Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAU",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 76,
    "n_annotated": 134,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      3,
      8,
      10,
      9,
      10,
      7,
      7,
      4,
      5,
      6,
      2,
      5
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      9,
      11,
      13,
      15,
      12,
      13,
      10,
      12,
      16,
      9,
      5,
      9
    ],
    "share": [
      0.3333,
      0.7273,
      0.7692,
      0.6,
      0.8333,
      0.5385,
      0.7,
      0.3333,
      0.3125,
      0.6667,
      0.4,
      0.5556
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.1206,
        0.6458
      ],
      [
        0.4343,
        0.9025
      ],
      [
        0.4974,
        0.9182
      ],
      [
        0.3575,
        0.8018
      ],
      [
        0.552,
        0.953
      ],
      [
        0.2914,
        0.7679
      ],
      [
        0.3968,
        0.8922
      ],
      [
        0.1381,
        0.6094
      ],
      [
        0.1416,
        0.556
      ],
      [
        0.3542,
        0.8794
      ],
      [
        0.1176,
        0.7693
      ],
      [
        0.2666,
        0.8112
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 5,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "subshrub",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 15.7,
      "median": 23.5,
      "p95": 27.4
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 28.7,
      "median": 109.8,
      "p95": 516.5
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 22.7,
      "median": 28.5,
      "p95": 35.8
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 6,
      "median": 17.7,
      "p95": 23.9
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 899.9,
      "median": 2199.5,
      "p95": 4191.6
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 19.8,
      "median": 46.9,
      "p95": 111.4
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 10.8,
      "median": 213,
      "p95": 612.8
    },
    "n": 1675,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1675 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol SOSC7",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/coleus-scutellarioides/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}