{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/coincya-monensis/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-09",
  "id": {
    "slug": "coincya-monensis",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000614323",
    "inat_taxon_id": 76404
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Coincya monensis",
    "authorship": "(L.) Greuter & Burdet",
    "genus": "Coincya",
    "epithet": "monensis",
    "family": "Brassicaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Willdenowia 13: 87 (1983)",
    "protologue_url": "https://brassibase.cos.uni-heidelberg.de/bb2/names/get/id/bb-spc-24881",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "star-mustard",
      "english": [
        "star-mustard"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Brassica arenosa",
        "authorship": "Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica cheiranthiflora",
        "authorship": "(Willd. ex Pers.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "Vill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica cheiranthos subsp. pseudoerucastrum",
        "authorship": "(Brot.) Samp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica cheiranthos var. brachypodos",
        "authorship": "Merino"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica cheiranthos var. gredensis",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica cheiranthos var. montana",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica cheiranthos var. nevadensis",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica cheiranthos var. recurvata",
        "authorship": "(All.) Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica densiflora",
        "authorship": "Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica ensifera",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica erysimoides",
        "authorship": "Pourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica glareosa",
        "authorship": "Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica humilis f. saxatilis",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Coss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica johnstonii",
        "authorship": "Samp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica monensis",
        "authorship": "Huds."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica monensis f. cheiranthiflora",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Paol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica monensis f. recurvata",
        "authorship": "(All.) Paol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica monensis subsp. cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica monensis subsp. cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) P.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica monensis var. cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Bab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica monensis var. montana",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Paol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica monensis var. petrosa",
        "authorship": "(Jord.) Briq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica montana",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica petrosa",
        "authorship": "Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica propera",
        "authorship": "Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica pseudoerucastrum",
        "authorship": "Brot."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica pseudoerucastrum f. cintrana",
        "authorship": "Cout."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica pseudoerucastrum var. juhnstonii",
        "authorship": "Cout."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica puberula",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica pulverula",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica pyrenaea",
        "authorship": "Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica racemiflora",
        "authorship": "Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica rectangularis",
        "authorship": "Viv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica recurvata",
        "authorship": "(All.) Jord."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica setigera",
        "authorship": "(J.Gay ex Lange) Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica valentina",
        "authorship": "(Loefl. ex L.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica valentina var. granatensis",
        "authorship": "O.E.Schulz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassica valentina var. pseudoerucastrum",
        "authorship": "(Brot.) Mariz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella arenosa",
        "authorship": "Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella cheiranthus",
        "authorship": "(Vill) Pugsley"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella coincyoides",
        "authorship": "Humbert & Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella monensis",
        "authorship": "O.E.Schulz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella monensis subsp. coincyoides",
        "authorship": "(Humbert & Maire) Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella montana",
        "authorship": "(DC.) H.Hess.Landolt & Hirzel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella pseudoerucastrum",
        "authorship": "(Brot.) O.E.Schulz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella setigera",
        "authorship": "(J.Gay ex Lange) Font Quer & Rothm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella valentina",
        "authorship": "(Loefl. ex L.) O.E.Schulz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Brassicella valentina var. granatensis",
        "authorship": "O.E.Schulz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cardamine monensis var. granatensis",
        "authorship": "(O.E.Schulz) Leadlay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cardamine monensis var. johnstonii",
        "authorship": "(Samp.) Leadlay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cardamine monensis var. recurvata",
        "authorship": "(All.) Leadlay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cardamine oligosperma var. Coincya",
        "authorship": "(J.Gay ex Lange) Leadlay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya cheiranthos subsp. cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya cheiranthos subsp. montana",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya cheiranthos subsp. nevadensis",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya cheiranthos subsp. rectangularis",
        "authorship": "(Viv.) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya cintrana",
        "authorship": "(Cout.) P.Silva"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya coincyoides",
        "authorship": "(Humbert & Maire) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya hispida",
        "authorship": "(Cav.) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya hispida subsp. hispida",
        "authorship": "Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya johnstonii",
        "authorship": "(Samp.) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya monensis subsp. hispida",
        "authorship": "(Cav.) Leadlay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya monensis subsp. recurvata",
        "authorship": "(All.) Leadlay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya monensis var. montana",
        "authorship": "(DC.) P.D.Sell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya monensis var. recurvata",
        "authorship": "(All.) Leadlay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya montana",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Landolt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya nevadensis",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) Rivas Mart."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya nevadensis subsp. orophila",
        "authorship": "(Franco) Rivas Mart."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya orophila",
        "authorship": "(Franco) Rivas Mart., Fern.Gonz. & Sánchez Mata"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya orophila subsp. nevadensis",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya pseudoerucastrum",
        "authorship": "(Brot.) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya pseudoerucastrum subsp. cintrana",
        "authorship": "(Cout.) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya pseudoerucastrum subsp. coincyoides",
        "authorship": "(Humbert & Maire) Rivas Mart."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya pseudoerucastrum subsp. johnstonii",
        "authorship": "(Samp.) Rivas Mart."
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya pseudoerucastrum subsp. orophila",
        "authorship": "(Franco) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya pseudoerucastrum subsp. pseudoerucastrum",
        "authorship": "Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya pseudoerucastrum subsp. puberula",
        "authorship": "(Pau) Valdés"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya pseudoerucastrum subsp. setigera",
        "authorship": "(Lange) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya puberula",
        "authorship": "(Pau) Greuter & Burdet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coincya setigera",
        "authorship": "(J.Gay ex Lange) Rivas Mart."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diplotaxis setosa",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Eruca hispida",
        "authorship": "Cav."
      },
      {
        "name": "Erucastrum cheiranthiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Willd. ex Pers.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Erucastrum cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Erucastrum cheiranthus",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Erucastrum monense",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Erucastrum monensis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Erysimum arvense",
        "authorship": "Thore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera cheiranthos subsp. nevadensis",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera cheiranthos var. montana",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera cheiranthos var. petrosa",
        "authorship": "(Jord.) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera coincyoides",
        "authorship": "(Humbert & Maire) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera hispida",
        "authorship": "(Cav.) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera hispida var. granatensis",
        "authorship": "(O.E.Schulz) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera johnstonii",
        "authorship": "(Samp.) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera monensis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera monensis subsp. puberula",
        "authorship": "(Pau) Castrov."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera monensis subsp. setigera",
        "authorship": "(Gay ex Lange) Castrov."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera pseuderucastrum",
        "authorship": "(Brot.) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera pseuderucastrum subsp. setigera",
        "authorship": "(Gay ex Lange) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera pseudoerucastrum",
        "authorship": "(Brot.) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hutera pseudoerucastrum subsp. setigera",
        "authorship": "(J.Gay ex Lange) Gómez-Campo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Napus villarsii",
        "authorship": "K.F.Schimp. & Spenn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Raphanus cheiranthiflorus",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Raphanus cheiranthifolius",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) Dandy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis cheiranthos subsp. cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "Dandy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis cheiranthos subsp. nevadensis",
        "authorship": "(Willk.) Heywood"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis cheiranthos subsp. setigera",
        "authorship": "(Gay ex Lange) M.Laínz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis granatensis",
        "authorship": "(O.E.Schulz) Heywood"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis hispida",
        "authorship": "(Cav.) Heywood"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis johnstonii",
        "authorship": "(Samp.) Heywood"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis monensis",
        "authorship": "(L.) Dandy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis pseudoerucastrum",
        "authorship": "(Brot.) Franco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis pseudoerucastrum subsp. cintrana",
        "authorship": "(Cout.) Franco & P.Silva"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis pseudoerucastrum subsp. orophila",
        "authorship": "Franco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapis pseudoerucastrum subsp. pseudoerucastrum",
        "authorship": "Franco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchosinapsis coincyoides",
        "authorship": "(Humbert & Maire) Fern.Casas"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapi pinnipartitum",
        "authorship": "Dulac"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis arvernensis",
        "authorship": "Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis candollei",
        "authorship": "Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis cheiranthiflora",
        "authorship": "Meigen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis cheiranthos",
        "authorship": "(Vill.) W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis cheiranthos subsp. montana",
        "authorship": "Bourg. ex Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis cheiranthos subsp. montana",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis cheiranthos subsp. rectangularis",
        "authorship": "(Viv.) Rouy & Fouc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis cheiranthus",
        "authorship": "Mert. & W.D.J.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis corbariensis",
        "authorship": "Timb.-Lagr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis erucastrum",
        "authorship": "Vest"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis foucaudi",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis monensis",
        "authorship": "Bab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis montana",
        "authorship": "Bourg. ex Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis pendula",
        "authorship": "Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis rectangularis",
        "authorship": "Rouy & Foucaud"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis recurvata",
        "authorship": "All."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis setigera",
        "authorship": "J.Gay ex Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinapis tournefortii",
        "authorship": "All."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrium burgundiacum",
        "authorship": "Hort.Taur. ex DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sisymbrium monense",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Turritis setosa",
        "authorship": "Lapeyr."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincya_monensis"
  },
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        "widths": [
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            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/125764813/r1/768.avif"
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          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/125764813/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/125764813/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Steven Cross, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 125764844,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Steven Cross",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/stevencross3",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/56be0805-da29-48ee-8752-3e82c5a88239",
        "observed_on": "2021-05-02",
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        "original": {
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        "widths": [
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        "urls": {
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          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/125764844/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/125764844/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Steven Cross, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 4227944,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Jacob Malcom",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jacobogre",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/97c7847a-9055-4796-b8ff-2d92dd20b83b",
        "observed_on": "2016-07-10",
        "lat": 40.833,
        "lon": -77.808,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
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        ],
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          "jpeg": {
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            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/4227944/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jacob Malcom, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 163988528,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Erin Lalime",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/erininmd",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/63297744-4376-434e-ae59-603c697abf71",
        "observed_on": "2021-10-10",
        "lat": 41.9,
        "lon": -77.127,
        "original": {
          "width": 576,
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        "widths": [
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        "urls": {
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          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/163988528/r1/400.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Erin Lalime, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "MOR",
      "BGM",
      "COR",
      "FRA",
      "GER",
      "GRB",
      "ITA",
      "POR",
      "SAR",
      "SPA"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "COR",
        "name": "Corse",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAR",
        "name": "Sardegna",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 133,
    "n_annotated": 143,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      0,
      3,
      8,
      6,
      35,
      46,
      24,
      10,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      0,
      3,
      8,
      8,
      36,
      47,
      27,
      11,
      1,
      1,
      0,
      1
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      null,
      1,
      0.75,
      0.9722,
      0.9787,
      0.8889,
      0.9091,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      null,
      [
        0.6756,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.4093,
        0.9285
      ],
      [
        0.8583,
        0.9951
      ],
      [
        0.8889,
        0.9962
      ],
      [
        0.7194,
        0.9615
      ],
      [
        0.6226,
        0.9838
      ],
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 3,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 34,
      "by_month": [
        0,
        0,
        0,
        2,
        5,
        13,
        10,
        4,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        0
      ],
      "share": [
        null,
        null,
        0,
        0.25,
        0.1389,
        0.2766,
        0.3704,
        0.3636,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "ci": [
        null,
        null,
        [
          0,
          0.3244
        ],
        [
          0.0715,
          0.5907
        ],
        [
          0.0608,
          0.2866
        ],
        [
          0.1694,
          0.4176
        ],
        [
          0.2153,
          0.5577
        ],
        [
          0.1517,
          0.6462
        ],
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "peak_month": 7
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "annual or perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 2.5,
      "median": 10.4,
      "p95": 13.6
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 376.5,
      "median": 588.7,
      "p95": 896.2
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 15.9,
      "median": 22.4,
      "p95": 29.1
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -9.8,
      "median": -4.4,
      "p95": 4.9
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 674.1,
      "median": 1105.6,
      "p95": 1857.9
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 12.6,
      "median": 20.3,
      "p95": 53.6
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 69.7,
      "median": 184.5,
      "p95": 318.4
    },
    "n": 215,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 215 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/coincya-monensis/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}