{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/codiaeum-variegatum/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "codiaeum-variegatum",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000905170",
    "inat_taxon_id": 127387
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Codiaeum variegatum",
    "authorship": "(L.) A.Juss.",
    "genus": "Codiaeum",
    "epithet": "variegatum",
    "family": "Euphorbiaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Euphorb. Gen. : 80, 111 (1824)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:85073-3",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "garden croton",
      "english": [
        "garden croton"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum albicans",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum angustifolium",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum angustifolium",
        "authorship": "(Müll.Arg.) Anon."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum angustifolium",
        "authorship": "(E.J.Lowe & W.Howard) T.Moore & Mast."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum angustissimum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum appendiculatum",
        "authorship": "N.E.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum aucubifolium",
        "authorship": "(Linden) G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum aureolineatum",
        "authorship": "N.E.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum aureomarmoratum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum aureopunctatum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum austinianum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum bismarckii",
        "authorship": "N.E.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum brageanum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum broomfieldii",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum burtonii",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum caudatum-tortile",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum chelsonii",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum chrysophyllum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum chrysosticton",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum chrysosticton var. angustifolium",
        "authorship": "Rumph. ex Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum chrysosticton var. latifolium",
        "authorship": "Rumph. ex Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum chrysosticton var. medium",
        "authorship": "Rumph. ex Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum contortum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum cooperi",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum cornigerum",
        "authorship": "N.E.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum cornutum",
        "authorship": "(André) G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum crispum",
        "authorship": "Rumph. ex Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum cuneifolium",
        "authorship": "Zipp. ex Span."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum dodgonae",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum eburneum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum elegans",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum elegantissimum",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum elongatum",
        "authorship": "Linden & André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum eminens",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum evansianum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum excurrens",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum eyrei",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum formosum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum fucatum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum gloriosum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum goedenoughtii",
        "authorship": "(Linden) A.de Vos"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum goldiei",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum grande",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum hanburyanum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum hawkeri",
        "authorship": "(Van Geert) G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum henryanum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum heroicum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum hillianum",
        "authorship": "(Van Geert) Rothsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum hookerianum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum illustre",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum imperator",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum imperiale",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum insigne",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum interruptum",
        "authorship": "(hort.) Herm.Baum"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum interruptum",
        "authorship": "(Van Geert) Rothsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum irregulare",
        "authorship": "(Van Geert) Rothsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum jamesii",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum johannis",
        "authorship": "(Veitch ex Regel) G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum lacteum",
        "authorship": "(Van Houtte) G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum lancifolium",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum limbatum",
        "authorship": "(W.Bull) G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum lineare",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum lyratum",
        "authorship": "Linden & André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum macfarlanei",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum maculatum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum magnificum",
        "authorship": "Linden"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum majesticum",
        "authorship": "W.Bull ex Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum maximum",
        "authorship": "Verschaff."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum medium",
        "authorship": "Baill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum medium-variegatum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum moluccanum",
        "authorship": "Decne."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum multicolor",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum musaicum",
        "authorship": "(André) Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum mutabile",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum nevilliae",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum obovatum",
        "authorship": "Zoll. & Moritzi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum ornatum",
        "authorship": "hort. ex Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum phillipsii",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum pictum",
        "authorship": "(G.Lodd.) Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum picturatum",
        "authorship": "N.E.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum pilgrimii",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum princeps",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum recurvatum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum recurvifolium",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum reginae",
        "authorship": "N.E.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum roseopictum",
        "authorship": "André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum ruberrimum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum rubrolineatum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum russellii",
        "authorship": "(hort.) G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum spirale",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum stewartii",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum superbiens",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum sylvestre",
        "authorship": "Rumph. ex Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum taeniosum",
        "authorship": "Rumph. ex Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum timorense",
        "authorship": "A.Juss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum torquatum",
        "authorship": "N.E.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum torrigianianum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum tricolor",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum trilobum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum triumphans",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum triumphans var. harwoodianum",
        "authorship": "W.Bull ex Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum undulatum",
        "authorship": "(Van Geert) Cogn. & Marchal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum vanoosterzeei",
        "authorship": "hort. ex Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum vanoosterzeei",
        "authorship": "Rodigas"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. ambiguum",
        "authorship": "Pax"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. angustifolium",
        "authorship": "Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. appendiculatum",
        "authorship": "Celak."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. cornutum",
        "authorship": "André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. crispum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. lanceolatum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. latifolium",
        "authorship": "Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. lobatum",
        "authorship": "Pax"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. longifolium",
        "authorship": "Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. medium",
        "authorship": "Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. minus",
        "authorship": "Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. parvifolium",
        "authorship": "Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. perringii",
        "authorship": "K.Schum."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. platyphyllum",
        "authorship": "Pax"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum f. taeniosum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum var. genuinum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum var. moluccanum",
        "authorship": "(Decne.) Mull.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum var. ovalifolium",
        "authorship": "H.J.Veitch ex Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum",
        "authorship": "(Lodd.) Müll.Arg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum veitchii",
        "authorship": "(Van Geert) G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum vittatum",
        "authorship": "Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum volutum",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum warrenii",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum weismannii",
        "authorship": "(H.J.Veitch) Cogn. & Marchal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum wigmannii",
        "authorship": "(B.S.Williams) Mottet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum williamsii",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum wilsonii",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Codiaeum youngii",
        "authorship": "G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton albicans",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton andreanus",
        "authorship": "Linden"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton andreeus",
        "authorship": "Linden"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton aneitumensis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton aucubifolius",
        "authorship": "André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton aucubifolius",
        "authorship": "Linden"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton baliospermus",
        "authorship": "Span."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton bellulus",
        "authorship": "Linden & André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton bergmanii",
        "authorship": "Chantrier ex André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton bragaeanus",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton broomfieldii",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton carrieri",
        "authorship": "Chantrier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton chelsonii",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton chrysophyllus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton cooperi",
        "authorship": "Anon."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton cornutus",
        "authorship": "André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton cornutus",
        "authorship": "(André) W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton croesus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton cronstadtii",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton disraelii",
        "authorship": "Veitch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton dogsoniae",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton dormanianus",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton drouetii",
        "authorship": "Chantrier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton duvalii",
        "authorship": "Chantrier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton eeckhautei",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton elegantissimum",
        "authorship": "W.Bull ex T.Moore & Mast."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton elegantissimus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull ex T.Moore & Mast."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton eminens",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton evansianus",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton excurrens",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton fasciatus",
        "authorship": "Van Houtte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton formosus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton fucatus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton goedenoughtii",
        "authorship": "Linden"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton goldiei",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton goudenhoughtii",
        "authorship": "Van Houtte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton guineensis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton harwoodianus",
        "authorship": "Anon."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton hastifer",
        "authorship": "Linden & André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton hastiferus",
        "authorship": "Linden & André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton hawkeri",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton hendersonii",
        "authorship": "W.Bull ex T.Moore & Mast."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton heroicus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton heuryanus",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton hillianus",
        "authorship": "Veitch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton hillianus",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton hookeri",
        "authorship": "André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton hookeri",
        "authorship": "Veitch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton illustris",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton imperialis",
        "authorship": "hort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton imperialis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton incanus",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton insignis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton interruptus",
        "authorship": "hort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton interruptus",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton irregularis",
        "authorship": "André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton irregularis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton johannis",
        "authorship": "Veitch ex Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton kingianus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton lacteus",
        "authorship": "Van Houtte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton lacteus",
        "authorship": "H.J.Veitch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton latimaculatus",
        "authorship": "Chantrier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton limbatus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton linearis",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton mac-arthurii",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton mac-farlanei",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton macarthurii",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton macfarlanei",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton macrophyllus",
        "authorship": "Chantrier ex André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton magnoliifolia",
        "authorship": "Anon."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton majesticus",
        "authorship": "T.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton massangeanum",
        "authorship": "Linden ex André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton maximus",
        "authorship": "Linden"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton mirabilis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton mirus",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton multicolor",
        "authorship": "Veitch ex André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton musaicus",
        "authorship": "André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton newmannii",
        "authorship": "Hort.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton niger",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton nobilis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton ornatus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton ovalifolius",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton philippsii",
        "authorship": "B.S.Williams"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton picturatum",
        "authorship": "André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton picturatum",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton pictus",
        "authorship": "G.Lodd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton pilgrimii",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton recurvatus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton recurvifolius",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton reginae",
        "authorship": "Van Houtte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton rex",
        "authorship": "Van Houtte"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton roseopictus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton ruberrimus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton rubescens",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton rubrolinearis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton russellii",
        "authorship": "Anon."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton sinitzianus",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton speciosus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton spectabilis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton spiralis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton superbiens",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton tortilis",
        "authorship": "H.J.Veitch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton tricolor",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton trilobus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton trilobus var. alberti",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton trilobus var. disraelii",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton triumphans",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton truffautianus",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton truffautii",
        "authorship": "Chantrier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton undulatus",
        "authorship": "André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton undulatus",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton variabilis",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton variegatus",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton variegatus unranked angustifolius",
        "authorship": "E.J.Lowe & W.Howard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton veitchianus",
        "authorship": "André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton veitchii",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton vervaetii",
        "authorship": "Linden"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton vittatus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton volutus",
        "authorship": "W.Bull"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton warneri",
        "authorship": "Chantrier ex André"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton weismannii",
        "authorship": "Cogn. & Marchal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton weismannii",
        "authorship": "H.J.Veitch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton wigmannii",
        "authorship": "B.S.Williams"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton williamsii",
        "authorship": "Van Geert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton witterianus",
        "authorship": "Anon."
      },
      {
        "name": "Croton youngii",
        "authorship": "Veitch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crozophyla angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crozophyla elliptica",
        "authorship": "Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crozophyla picta",
        "authorship": "(G.Lodd.) Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Crozophyla variegata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Junghuhnia glabra",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Oxydectes variegata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Phyllaurea codiaeum",
        "authorship": "Lour."
      },
      {
        "name": "Phyllaurea variegata",
        "authorship": "(L.) W.Wight"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ricinus pictus",
        "authorship": "Noronha"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codiaeum_variegatum"
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    "usable_found": 71,
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    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
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      "location_doubtful"
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      "SOL",
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    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "BIS",
        "name": "Bismarck Archipelago",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOR",
        "name": "Borneo",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOL",
        "name": "Solomon Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIJ",
        "name": "Fiji",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCZ",
        "name": "Santa Cruz Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 15,
    "n_annotated": 48,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub or tree",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
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      "median": 25.5,
      "p95": 27.4
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 34.2,
      "median": 99.5,
      "p95": 371.9
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 26,
      "median": 29,
      "p95": 35.1
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 11.3,
      "median": 20.9,
      "p95": 24.7
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 921.4,
      "median": 1918.4,
      "p95": 3985.9
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 22.8,
      "median": 52.6,
      "p95": 97.7
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 18.3,
      "median": 165.5,
      "p95": 545.1
    },
    "n": 1984,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1984 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 15 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/codiaeum-variegatum/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}