Circaea lutetianaL.

enchanter's-nightshade

WFO wfo-0000605657 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Circaea lutetiana, photographed by Jon Mortin
fig. a Jon Mortin, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-10 / obs. 205589558
Circaea lutetiana, photographed by Norrland
fig. b Norrland, CC0 1.0 / obs. 203252535
Circaea lutetiana, photographed by Daniel Cahen
fig. c Daniel Cahen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 202820274
Circaea lutetiana, photographed by Daniel Cahen
fig. d Daniel Cahen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 202818918
Circaea lutetiana, photographed by Karen Fry
fig. e Karen Fry, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 202258696
Circaea lutetiana, photographed by Ethan Lutterer
fig. f Ethan Lutterer, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204946095
Circaea lutetiana, photographed by Daniel Cahen
fig. g Daniel Cahen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 201493589
Circaea lutetiana, photographed by Daniel Cahen
fig. h Daniel Cahen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 195695586

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Flowering n = 1,208 observations

Peak flowering in Jul, from 1,208 community-annotated observations worldwide. This is a global aggregate, not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres, and citizen-science records cluster near cities, at weekends, and in spring. Where a species has fewer than 30 annotated records we do not draw this chart at all.

Also published as 42 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Carlo-stephania major Bubani
  • Carlostephania major Bubani
  • Circaea erecta Gilib.
  • Circaea lutetiana f. albiflora H.Lév. ex Hegi
  • Circaea lutetiana f. aprica H.Lév. ex Hegi
  • Circaea lutetiana f. brevipes (Batt.) H.Lév.
  • Circaea lutetiana f. carneostyla H.Lév. ex Hegi
  • Circaea lutetiana f. cordifolia Lasch
  • Circaea lutetiana f. glaberrima Lasch
  • Circaea lutetiana f. hirsuta (Podp.) Hayek
  • Circaea lutetiana f. hirtopetiolata H.Lév.
  • Circaea lutetiana f. longipetiolata H.Lév. ex Hegi
  • Circaea lutetiana f. mediterranea (Asch. & Magnus) Paol.
  • Circaea lutetiana f. ovatifolia Lasch
  • Circaea lutetiana f. pseudocordata H.Lév.
  • Circaea lutetiana f. rubriflora H.Lév. ex Hegi
  • Circaea lutetiana f. truncata H.Lév. ex Hegi
  • Circaea lutetiana f. umbrosa H.Lév. ex Hegi
  • Circaea lutetiana subsp. mediterranea Asch. & Magnus
  • Circaea lutetiana subvar. cordifolia (Lasch) Hayek
  • Circaea lutetiana var. atrosanguinea F.W.Schultz
  • Circaea lutetiana var. brevipes Batt.
  • Circaea lutetiana var. cordifolia G.Mey.
  • Circaea lutetiana var. cordifolia (Lasch) Beck

and 18 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.