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  "last_modified": "2024-12-16",
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    "slug": "christella-hispidula",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001114709",
    "inat_taxon_id": 582225
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Christella hispidula",
    "authorship": "(Decne.) Holttum",
    "genus": "Christella",
    "epithet": "hispidula",
    "family": "Thelypteridaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Kew Bull. 31(2): 312 (1976)",
    "protologue_url": "https://pteridogroup.github.io/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "roughhairy maiden fern",
      "english": [
        "roughhairy maiden fern"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Aspidium germannii",
        "authorship": "L'Herm. ex Fée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium hispidulum",
        "authorship": "Decne."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium purusense",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Christella quadrangularis",
        "authorship": "(Fée) Holttum"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus contiguus",
        "authorship": "(Rosenst.) Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus falcatulus",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Copel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus goedenii",
        "authorship": "(Rosenst.) Brade"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus hirtopilosus",
        "authorship": "(Rosenst.) Copel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus hispidulus",
        "authorship": "(Decne.) Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus hispidulus var. inconstans",
        "authorship": "(C.Chr.) Mazumdar & R.Mukhop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus hispidulus var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "(R.P.St.John) Mazumdar & R.Mukhop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus parasiticus subsp. manickirudorum",
        "authorship": "(Fraser-Jenk. & Benniamin) Mazumdar & R.Mukhop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus quadrangularis",
        "authorship": "(Fée) Tardieu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus repandulus",
        "authorship": "(Alderw.) Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris aureliana",
        "authorship": "Riddell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris contigua",
        "authorship": "Rosenst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris dentata var. inconstans",
        "authorship": "C.Chr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris goedenii",
        "authorship": "Rosenst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris grenadensis",
        "authorship": "C.Chr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris hirtopilosa",
        "authorship": "Rosenst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris hispidula",
        "authorship": "(Decne.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris limonensis",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris macilenta",
        "authorship": "(E.P.St.John) Correll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris parasitica var. falcatula",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris parasitica var. glanduligera",
        "authorship": "Rosenst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris quadrangularis",
        "authorship": "(Fée) Alston"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris repandula",
        "authorship": "Alderw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris versicolor",
        "authorship": "(R.P.St.John) M.Broun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lastrea goedenii",
        "authorship": "Copel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium decipiens",
        "authorship": "Fée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium grenadense",
        "authorship": "Jenman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium hispidulum",
        "authorship": "(Decne.) Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium quadrangulare",
        "authorship": "Fée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris contigua",
        "authorship": "(Rosenst.) C.F.Reed"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris falcatula",
        "authorship": "(Christ) C.F.Reed"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris goedenii",
        "authorship": "(Rosenst.) C.F.Reed"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris hirtopilosa",
        "authorship": "(Rosenst.) C.F.Reed"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris hispidula",
        "authorship": "(Decne.) C.F.Reed"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris hispidula var. inconstans",
        "authorship": "(C.Chr.) Proctor"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris hispidula var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "(R.P.St.John) Lellinger"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris macilenta",
        "authorship": "E.P.St.John"
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      {
        "name": "Thelypteris parasitica subsp. manickirudorum",
        "authorship": "Fraser-Jenk. & Benniamin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris quadrangularis",
        "authorship": "(Fée) Schelpe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris quadrangularis var. inconstans",
        "authorship": "(C.Chr.) A.R.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris quadrangularis var. repens",
        "authorship": "A.R.Sm."
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      {
        "name": "Thelypteris quadrangularis var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "(R.P.St.John) A.R.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris repandula",
        "authorship": "(Alderw.) C.F.Reed"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris versicolor",
        "authorship": "R.P.St.John"
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    "wikipedia": null
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        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOA",
        "name": "South Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALA",
        "name": "Alabama",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "FLA",
        "name": "Florida",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "GEO",
        "name": "Georgia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LOU",
        "name": "Louisiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MSI",
        "name": "Mississippi",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SCA",
        "name": "South Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGE",
        "name": "Argentina Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGW",
        "name": "Argentina Northwest",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLZ",
        "name": "Belize",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZE",
        "name": "Brazil Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZS",
        "name": "Brazil South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZL",
        "name": "Brazil Southeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRG",
        "name": "French Guiana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAL",
        "name": "Galápagos",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAM",
        "name": "Jamaica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "LEE",
        "name": "Leeward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAR",
        "name": "Paraguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PUE",
        "name": "Puerto Rico",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "URU",
        "name": "Uruguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "WIN",
        "name": "Windward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": null,
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol THHI",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "climate_envelope",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/christella-hispidula/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}