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  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/christella-dentata/",
  "last_modified": "2024-12-16",
  "id": {
    "slug": "christella-dentata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001107250",
    "inat_taxon_id": 369851
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Christella dentata",
    "authorship": "(Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy",
    "genus": "Christella",
    "epithet": "dentata",
    "family": "Thelypteridaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Brit. Fern Gaz. 10: 338 (1973)",
    "protologue_url": "https://pteridogroup.github.io/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "downy maiden fern",
      "english": [
        "downy maiden fern"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Aspidium aquapimense",
        "authorship": "Schumach."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium hilsenbergii",
        "authorship": "Sieb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium molle",
        "authorship": "Sw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium molle var. anoticum",
        "authorship": "Kunze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium molle var. decurtatum",
        "authorship": "F.M.Bailey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium molle var. glabrindusiatum",
        "authorship": "Hieron."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium molle var. violascens",
        "authorship": "(Link) Mett."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium natalense",
        "authorship": "Fée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium nymphale",
        "authorship": "(G.Forst.) Schkuhr"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aspidium violascens",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Christella dentata",
        "authorship": "(Forssk.) Holttum"
      },
      {
        "name": "Christella dentata var. caespitosa",
        "authorship": "Holttum"
      },
      {
        "name": "Christella dentata var. himalayensis",
        "authorship": "Punetha & Kholia"
      },
      {
        "name": "Christella hilsenbergii",
        "authorship": "(C.Presl) Holttum"
      },
      {
        "name": "Christella kendujharensis",
        "authorship": "S.K.Behera & S.K.Barik"
      },
      {
        "name": "Christella malabariensis",
        "authorship": "(Fée) Holttum"
      },
      {
        "name": "Christella nymphalis",
        "authorship": "(G.Forst.) Pic.Serm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Christella taprobanica",
        "authorship": "(Panigrahi) Holttum"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus angustus",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus caespitosus",
        "authorship": "(Holttum) Mazumdar & R.Mukhop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus dentatus",
        "authorship": "(Forssk.) Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus dentatus f. bipinnata",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus dentatus var. himalayensis",
        "authorship": "(Punetha & Kholia) Mazumdar & R.Mukhop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus dentatus var. violascens",
        "authorship": "(Link) Abbiatti"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus dicarpus",
        "authorship": "(Fée) Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus fengii",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus hispidulus",
        "authorship": "Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus jiulungshanensis",
        "authorship": "Chiu & Yao ex Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus lanpingensis",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus lunganensis",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus lungmenensis",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus lushiensis",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus mekongensis",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus mianningensis",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus mindanaensis",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus mindanaensis",
        "authorship": "(Christ) Copel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus mollis",
        "authorship": "(Sw.) Vareschi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus nymphalis",
        "authorship": "(G.Forst.) Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus pandus",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus paradentatus",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus pingshanensis",
        "authorship": "Ching & H.H.Kung"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus proximus",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus sapingbaensis",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus stenopes",
        "authorship": "Ching & K.H.Shing"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus taprobanicus",
        "authorship": "(Panigrahi) Panigrahi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus tingwooensis",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cyclosorus wangii",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris acuto-dentata",
        "authorship": "Ching"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris dicarpa",
        "authorship": "(Fée) C.Chr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris mindanaensis",
        "authorship": "Christ"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris mollis",
        "authorship": "(Sw.) Hieron."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris mollis var. glabrindusiata",
        "authorship": "(Hieron.) Hassl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris nymphalis",
        "authorship": "(G.Forst.) Copel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris parasitica var. coriacea",
        "authorship": "Bonap."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris parasitica var. decurtata",
        "authorship": "(F.M.Bailey) Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris parasitica var. glabrindusiata",
        "authorship": "Hicken"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris parasitica var. hilsenbergii",
        "authorship": "(C.Presl) Bonap."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris parasitica var. marquesensis",
        "authorship": "E.D.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris reducta",
        "authorship": "(Small) M.Broun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dryopteris submollis",
        "authorship": "Alderw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hemestheum molle",
        "authorship": "Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium dentatum",
        "authorship": "(Forssk.) Kümmerle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium dicarpum",
        "authorship": "Fée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium hilsenbergii",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium hispidulum",
        "authorship": "Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium malabariense",
        "authorship": "Fée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium molle",
        "authorship": "(Sw.) R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium molle var. mollissimum",
        "authorship": "Fée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium molle var. pohlianum",
        "authorship": "Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium molle var. polydactylum",
        "authorship": "R.Sim ex J.Dix"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium nymphale",
        "authorship": "(G.Forst.) Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium parasiticum var. glabrindusiatum",
        "authorship": "(Hieron.) Hicken"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nephrodium violascens",
        "authorship": "Fée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Polypodium dentatum",
        "authorship": "Forssk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Polypodium molle",
        "authorship": "Jacq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Polypodium nymphale",
        "authorship": "G.Forst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Polystichum molle",
        "authorship": "(Sw.) Gaudich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Polystichum nymphale",
        "authorship": "(G.Forst.) Gaudich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris dentata",
        "authorship": "E.P.St.John"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris dentata var. violascens",
        "authorship": "(Link) C.F.Reed"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris dicarpa",
        "authorship": "(Fée) C.F.Reed"
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        "name": "Thelypteris hilsenbergii",
        "authorship": "(C.Presl) Panigrahi"
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        "name": "Thelypteris hilsenbergii",
        "authorship": "(C.Presl) Schelpe"
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        "name": "Thelypteris malabariensis",
        "authorship": "(Fée) Panigrahi"
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        "name": "Thelypteris mindanaensis",
        "authorship": "(Christ) C.F.Reed"
      },
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        "name": "Thelypteris nymphalis",
        "authorship": "(G.Forst.) C.F.Reed"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris reducta",
        "authorship": "Small"
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelypteris taprobanica",
        "authorship": "Panigrahi"
      }
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        "code": "ANG",
        "name": "Angola",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASC",
        "name": "Ascension",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Middle Atlantic Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "AZO",
        "name": "Azores",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "BEN",
        "name": "Benin",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BKN",
        "name": "Burkina",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUR",
        "name": "Burundi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CMN",
        "name": "Cameroon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CNY",
        "name": "Canary Is.",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CPP",
        "name": "Cape Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CVI",
        "name": "Cape Verde",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAF",
        "name": "Central African Republic",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "COM",
        "name": "Comoros",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAI",
        "name": "DR Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "EQG",
        "name": "Equatorial Guinea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWZ",
        "name": "Eswatini",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAB",
        "name": "Gabon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GHA",
        "name": "Ghana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUI",
        "name": "Guinea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GGI",
        "name": "Gulf of Guinea Is.",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "IVO",
        "name": "Ivory Coast",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAT",
        "name": "KwaZulu-Natal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBR",
        "name": "Liberia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDR",
        "name": "Madeira",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLW",
        "name": "Malawi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLI",
        "name": "Mali",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAU",
        "name": "Mauritius",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAM",
        "name": "Namibia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGR",
        "name": "Niger",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGA",
        "name": "Nigeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROD",
        "name": "Rodrigues",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "RWA",
        "name": "Rwanda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "REU",
        "name": "Réunion",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEN",
        "name": "Senegal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEY",
        "name": "Seychelles",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIE",
        "name": "Sierra Leone",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOC",
        "name": "Socotra",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHH",
        "name": "Hainan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRQ",
        "name": "Iraq",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NNS",
        "name": "Nansei-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAU",
        "name": "Saudi Arabia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YEM",
        "name": "Yemen",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "AND",
        "name": "Andaman Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BIS",
        "name": "Bismarck Archipelago",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "EHM",
        "name": "East Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "LDV",
        "name": "Laccadive Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOL",
        "name": "Solomon Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "KER",
        "name": "Kermadec Is.",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "New Zealand"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NZN",
        "name": "New Zealand North",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "New Zealand"
      },
      {
        "code": "NFK",
        "name": "Norfolk Is.",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOA",
        "name": "South Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIC",
        "name": "Victoria",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAU",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRI",
        "name": "Kriti",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CRL",
        "name": "Caroline Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "COO",
        "name": "Cook Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIJ",
        "name": "Fiji",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRN",
        "name": "Marianas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRQ",
        "name": "Marquesas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCZ",
        "name": "Santa Cruz Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCI",
        "name": "Society Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TOK",
        "name": "Tokelau-Manihiki",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TON",
        "name": "Tonga",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUA",
        "name": "Tuamotu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUB",
        "name": "Tubuai Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 16.1,
      "median": 21.7,
      "p95": 25.7
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 79.9,
      "median": 371.1,
      "p95": 584.1
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 22.4,
      "median": 30.2,
      "p95": 32.1
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 5.9,
      "median": 11.2,
      "p95": 21.4
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 915.7,
      "median": 1372.2,
      "p95": 3183.7
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 18.8,
      "median": 47.7,
      "p95": 81.4
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 57.2,
      "median": 186.4,
      "p95": 399.4
    },
    "n": 1962,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1962 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol THDE4",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/christella-dentata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}