{
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  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/chamaecrista-nictitans/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-10",
  "id": {
    "slug": "chamaecrista-nictitans",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000174041",
    "inat_taxon_id": 131568
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Chamaecrista nictitans",
    "authorship": "(L.) Moench",
    "genus": "Chamaecrista",
    "epithet": "nictitans",
    "family": "Fabaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Methodus : 272 (1794)",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.legumedata.org/taxonomy/taxon/2715030",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Partridge-pea",
      "english": [
        "Partridge-pea",
        "Sensitive Partridge Pea",
        "sensitive partridge pea"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Cassia aeschinomene",
        "authorship": "DC. ex Collad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia aristata",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Walp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia aspera",
        "authorship": "Muhl. ex Elliott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia aspera var. mohrii",
        "authorship": "Pollard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia aspera var. simpsonii",
        "authorship": "(Pollard) J.F.Macbr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia biglandulosa",
        "authorship": "Bertol."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia brachycarpa",
        "authorship": "Urb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia brachypoda",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia broughtonii",
        "authorship": "Fawc. & Rendle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia browniana",
        "authorship": "(Britton & Rose) Philipson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia caymanensis",
        "authorship": "C.D.Adams"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia chamaecrista f. incana",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia chamaecrista var. diffusa",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia chamaecrista var. hypnotica",
        "authorship": "(Vell.) N.F.Mattos"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia comayaguana",
        "authorship": "(Britton & Rose) Lundell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia diffusa",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia disadena",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia erecta",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia exunguis",
        "authorship": "Urb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia fasciata",
        "authorship": "(Britton) Fawc. & Rendle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia felipensis",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia fenixensis",
        "authorship": "(Britton & Rose) Lundell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia flavicoma var. paraguariensis",
        "authorship": "Chodat & Hassl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia gemina",
        "authorship": "Vell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia glaberrima",
        "authorship": "(Britton) León"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia glandulosa subsp. patellaria",
        "authorship": "(DC. ex Collad.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia hypnotica",
        "authorship": "Vell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia lechenaultiana",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia leptadenia",
        "authorship": "Greenm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia leptadenia var. jaliscensis",
        "authorship": "Greenm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia leptadenia var. mensalis",
        "authorship": "Greenm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia lucesiae",
        "authorship": "Pittier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia martinicensis",
        "authorship": "Urb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia mayana",
        "authorship": "Lundell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia mimosoides var. aeschinomene",
        "authorship": "(DC. ex Collad.) Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia multipinnata",
        "authorship": "Pollard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia multipinnata var. nashii",
        "authorship": "Pollard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia nicoyana",
        "authorship": "(Britton) Standl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia nictidans",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia nictitans",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia nictitans var. aspera",
        "authorship": "(Muhl. ex Elliott) Torr. & A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia nictitans var. commixta",
        "authorship": "(Pollard & Maxon) Millsp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia nictitans var. conmixta",
        "authorship": "(Pollard & Maxon) Millsp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia nictitans var. hebecarpa",
        "authorship": "Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia nictitans var. leiocarpa",
        "authorship": "Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia nictitans var. mohrii",
        "authorship": "(Pollard) J.F.Macbr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia nictitans var. multipinnata",
        "authorship": "(Pollard) J.F.Macbr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia parviflora",
        "authorship": "Sessé & Moc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia patellaria",
        "authorship": "DC. ex Collad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia patellaria var. glabrata",
        "authorship": "Vogel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia patellaria var. longifolia",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia patellaria var. ramosa",
        "authorship": "Vogel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia pennelliana",
        "authorship": "Amshoff"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia pilidens",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia praetexta",
        "authorship": "Vogel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia procumbens",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia propinqua",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia pseudonictitans",
        "authorship": "Hance"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia riparia",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia riparia var. pilosa",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia rovirosana",
        "authorship": "(Britton) Lundell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia seleri",
        "authorship": "(Rose) Lundell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia simplex",
        "authorship": "(Standl.) Standl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia simpsonii",
        "authorship": "Pollard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia smaragdina",
        "authorship": "Macfad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia stenocarpa",
        "authorship": "Vogel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia stenocarpa var. stenocarpoides",
        "authorship": "(Britton) Schery"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia stenocarpoides",
        "authorship": "(Britton) Lundell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia tabascoensis",
        "authorship": "(Britton & Rose) Lundell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia villosissima",
        "authorship": "(Britton & Rose) Lundell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cassia wilsonii",
        "authorship": "(Britton & Rose) Standl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista aeschinomene",
        "authorship": "(DC. ex Collad.) Greene"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista aspera",
        "authorship": "(Muhl. ex Elliott) Greene"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista aspera var. mohrii",
        "authorship": "(Pollard) Pollard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista brachycarpa",
        "authorship": "(Urb.) Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista browniana",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista chiriquensis",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista comayaguana",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista commixta",
        "authorship": "Anon."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista confusa",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista conzattii",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista diffusa",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista dussii",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista exunguis",
        "authorship": "(Urb.) Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista fasciata",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista fenixensis",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista glaberrima",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista lechenaultiana",
        "authorship": "(DC.) O.Deg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista leptadenia",
        "authorship": "(Greenm.) Cockerell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista leptadenia var. jaliscensis",
        "authorship": "Greenm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista longicoma",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista lucesiae",
        "authorship": "Pittier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista martinicensis",
        "authorship": "(Urb.) Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista millspaughii",
        "authorship": "Pollard ex Millsp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista mohrii",
        "authorship": "(Pollard) Small ex Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista multipinnata",
        "authorship": "(Pollard) Greene"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista multipinnata",
        "authorship": "Pennell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nelsonii",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nicoyana",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans subsp. nictitans",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. aeschinomene",
        "authorship": "(DC. ex Collad.) A.Barreto & Yakovlev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. commixta",
        "authorship": "Pollard & Maxon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. disadena",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. fasciata",
        "authorship": "(Britton) A.Barreto & Yakovlev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. glaberrima",
        "authorship": "(Britton) A.Barreto & Yakovlev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. hebecarpa",
        "authorship": "(Fernald) C.F.Reed"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. leiocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Fernald) Moldenke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. mensalis",
        "authorship": "(Greenm.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. patellaria",
        "authorship": "(DC. ex Collad.) Kartesz & Gandhi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. patellaria",
        "authorship": "(DC. ex Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista nictitans var. ramosa",
        "authorship": "(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista patellaria",
        "authorship": "(DC. ex Collad.) Greene"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista procumbens",
        "authorship": "(L.) Greene"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista rekoi",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista riparia",
        "authorship": "(Kunth) Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista riparia var. pilosa",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista rovirosana",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista salvadorensis",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista seleri",
        "authorship": "Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista simplex",
        "authorship": "Standl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista simpsonii",
        "authorship": "(Pollard) Pollard ex A.Heller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista smaragdina",
        "authorship": "(Macfad.) Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista stenocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Vogel) Standl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista stenocarpoides",
        "authorship": "Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista tabascoensis",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista tonduzii",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista villosissima",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chamaecrista wilsonii",
        "authorship": "Britton & Rose"
      },
      {
        "name": "Grimaldia assurgens",
        "authorship": "Schrank"
      },
      {
        "name": "Grimaldia decumbens",
        "authorship": "Schrank"
      },
      {
        "name": "Nictitella amena",
        "authorship": "Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nictitella aspera",
        "authorship": "Raf."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamaecrista_nictitans"
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        "observed_on": "2021-11-21",
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    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
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      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
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    "codes": [
      "ALA",
      "ARI",
      "ARK",
      "DEL",
      "WDC",
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      "GEO",
      "ILL",
      "INI",
      "KAN",
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      "BOL",
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      "BZC",
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        "code": "ALA",
        "name": "Alabama",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
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      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ARK",
        "name": "Arkansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "DEL",
        "name": "Delaware",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WDC",
        "name": "District of Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "FLA",
        "name": "Florida",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
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      },
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        "code": "GEO",
        "name": "Georgia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
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      },
      {
        "code": "ILL",
        "name": "Illinois",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
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        "name": "Indiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KAN",
        "name": "Kansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KTY",
        "name": "Kentucky",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LOU",
        "name": "Louisiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MRY",
        "name": "Maryland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAS",
        "name": "Massachusetts",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSI",
        "name": "Mississippi",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSO",
        "name": "Missouri",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWH",
        "name": "New Hampshire",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWJ",
        "name": "New Jersey",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWM",
        "name": "New Mexico",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NCA",
        "name": "North Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "OHI",
        "name": "Ohio",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "OKL",
        "name": "Oklahoma",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "RHO",
        "name": "Rhode I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SCA",
        "name": "South Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEN",
        "name": "Tennessee",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VRG",
        "name": "Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WVA",
        "name": "West Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WIS",
        "name": "Wisconsin",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "AGE",
        "name": "Argentina Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGW",
        "name": "Argentina Northwest",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ARU",
        "name": "Aruba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAH",
        "name": "Bahamas",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLZ",
        "name": "Belize",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZE",
        "name": "Brazil Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZS",
        "name": "Brazil South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZL",
        "name": "Brazil Southeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAY",
        "name": "Cayman Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRG",
        "name": "French Guiana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAM",
        "name": "Jamaica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "LEE",
        "name": "Leeward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NLA",
        "name": "Netherlands Antilles",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAR",
        "name": "Paraguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PUE",
        "name": "Puerto Rico",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "TRT",
        "name": "Trinidad-Tobago",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCI",
        "name": "Turks-Caicos Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VNA",
        "name": "Venezuelan Antilles",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "WIN",
        "name": "Windward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 446,
    "n_annotated": 596,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      9,
      14,
      7,
      8,
      13,
      9,
      15,
      165,
      140,
      26,
      24,
      16
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      11,
      14,
      9,
      9,
      14,
      11,
      24,
      199,
      209,
      47,
      30,
      19
    ],
    "share": [
      0.8182,
      1,
      0.7778,
      0.8889,
      0.9286,
      0.8182,
      0.625,
      0.8291,
      0.6699,
      0.5532,
      0.8,
      0.8421
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.523,
        0.9486
      ],
      [
        0.7847,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.4526,
        0.9368
      ],
      [
        0.565,
        0.9801
      ],
      [
        0.6853,
        0.9873
      ],
      [
        0.523,
        0.9486
      ],
      [
        0.4271,
        0.7884
      ],
      [
        0.7707,
        0.8751
      ],
      [
        0.6035,
        0.73
      ],
      [
        0.4125,
        0.6859
      ],
      [
        0.6269,
        0.905
      ],
      [
        0.6243,
        0.9448
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 2,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 181,
      "by_month": [
        1,
        3,
        3,
        4,
        7,
        3,
        2,
        25,
        95,
        26,
        8,
        4
      ],
      "share": [
        0.0909,
        0.2143,
        0.3333,
        0.4444,
        0.5,
        0.2727,
        0.0833,
        0.1256,
        0.4545,
        0.5532,
        0.2667,
        0.2105
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0.0162,
          0.3774
        ],
        [
          0.0757,
          0.4759
        ],
        [
          0.1206,
          0.6458
        ],
        [
          0.1888,
          0.7334
        ],
        [
          0.268,
          0.732
        ],
        [
          0.0975,
          0.5657
        ],
        [
          0.0232,
          0.2585
        ],
        [
          0.0866,
          0.1789
        ],
        [
          0.3885,
          0.5223
        ],
        [
          0.4125,
          0.6859
        ],
        [
          0.1418,
          0.4445
        ],
        [
          0.0851,
          0.4333
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 10
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "annual or perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 12,
      "median": 16.9,
      "p95": 24.5
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 102.2,
      "median": 698,
      "p95": 870.4
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 24.8,
      "median": 30.5,
      "p95": 32.9
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -4,
      "median": 3.3,
      "p95": 20.8
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 967.7,
      "median": 1284.5,
      "p95": 3141.3
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 10.3,
      "median": 19.1,
      "p95": 65.8
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 104.7,
      "median": 251,
      "p95": 554.1
    },
    "n": 2103,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2103 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/chamaecrista-nictitans/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}