{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ceratodon-purpureus/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-03",
  "id": {
    "slug": "ceratodon-purpureus",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001180270",
    "inat_taxon_id": 123117
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Ceratodon purpureus",
    "authorship": "(Hedw.) Brid.",
    "genus": "Ceratodon",
    "epithet": "purpureus",
    "family": "Ceratodontaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Bryol. Univ. 1: 480. 1826.",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.bryonames.org/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "ceratodon moss",
      "english": [
        "ceratodon moss"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Anoectangium viridatum",
        "authorship": "(Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula anoectangiacea",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula conica",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula corsica",
        "authorship": "(Bruch & Schimp.) Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula helvetica",
        "authorship": "Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula saussuriana",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula validinervia",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum bipartitum",
        "authorship": "Dicks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum celsii",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Dicks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum longicaule",
        "authorship": "Hoffm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum papillosum",
        "authorship": "Dicks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum strictum",
        "authorship": "Dicks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum tenue",
        "authorship": "Dicks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon amblyocalyx",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal. ex Ångstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon antarcticus",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon arcticus",
        "authorship": "(Kindb.) G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon brasiliensis",
        "authorship": "Hampe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon capillisetus",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon columbiae",
        "authorship": "Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon conicus",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon conicus",
        "authorship": "(Spreng.) Trevis."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon conicus var. acicularis",
        "authorship": "Stirt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon convolutus",
        "authorship": "Reichardt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon corsicus",
        "authorship": "Bruch & Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon crassinervis",
        "authorship": "Lorentz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon crassinervis",
        "authorship": "J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon delicatulus",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon delicatulus var. minor",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon elimbatus",
        "authorship": "Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon emodii",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon flavisetus",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon graefii",
        "authorship": "Schlieph."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon grossiretis",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon grossiretis var. validus",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon indicus",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon javanicus",
        "authorship": "Dozy & Molk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon mexicanus",
        "authorship": "Hampe ex Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon microcarpus",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon microphyllus",
        "authorship": "Cardot & Réchin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon minutifolius",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon mollis",
        "authorship": "J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon moravicus",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon novogranatensis",
        "authorship": "Hampe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon perplexans",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon planomarginatus",
        "authorship": "Dixon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Jenn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. alpinus",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. angustifolius",
        "authorship": "Thér. ex Hérib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. arenicola",
        "authorship": "E.Bauer ex Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. aristatus",
        "authorship": "Herzog"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. aristatus",
        "authorship": "(Austin) E.Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. brevifolius",
        "authorship": "E.Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. brevisetus",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. carinatus",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. clavatus",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. coloratus",
        "authorship": "E.Bauer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. compactus",
        "authorship": "Holler"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. crassinervis",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. crispus",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. cuspidatus",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. excurrens",
        "authorship": "Latzel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. fastigiatus",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. filiformis",
        "authorship": "Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. flavisetus",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. glacialis",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. gracilis",
        "authorship": "(Grav.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. graefii",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. latifolius",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. litoralis",
        "authorship": "Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. longifolius",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. major",
        "authorship": "H.Winter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. microcarpus",
        "authorship": "I.Hagen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. mollis",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. pallidus",
        "authorship": "(Boulay ex Delogne) Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. paludosus",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. parvitheca",
        "authorship": "Pilous"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. propagulifer",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. pumilis",
        "authorship": "Vilh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. pusillus",
        "authorship": "E.Bauer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. rufescens",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. tenuifolius",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus f. xanthopus",
        "authorship": "(Sull.) E.Britton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus subsp. arcticus",
        "authorship": "Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus subsp. brevifolius",
        "authorship": "Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus subsp. corsicus",
        "authorship": "(Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus subsp. xanthopus",
        "authorship": "(Sull.) Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. alpestris",
        "authorship": "Huebener"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. alpinus",
        "authorship": "Lesq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. amblyocalyx",
        "authorship": "(Müll.Hal. ex Ångstr.) Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. arcticus",
        "authorship": "(Kindb.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. aristatus",
        "authorship": "Austin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. aristatus",
        "authorship": "Corb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. asper",
        "authorship": "J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. bipartitus",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. brevicaulis",
        "authorship": "Huebener"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. brevidens",
        "authorship": "Besch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. brevifolius",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. brevifolius",
        "authorship": "Milde"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. brevisetus",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. canariensis",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. carinatus",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. celsii",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. congolensis",
        "authorship": "Thér."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. cordatus",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. corsicus",
        "authorship": "(Bruch & Schimp.) Guim."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. crassinervis",
        "authorship": "J.E.Zetterst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. crassinervis",
        "authorship": "J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. crispus",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. cristatus",
        "authorship": "Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. cuspidatus",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. densus",
        "authorship": "Breidl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. erythropus",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Lesq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. falklandicus",
        "authorship": "Cardot & Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. fastigiatus",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. filiformis",
        "authorship": "Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. flavisetus",
        "authorship": "Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. formosicus",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Grav."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. graefii",
        "authorship": "Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. himalayanus",
        "authorship": "Dixon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. intermedius",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. javensis",
        "authorship": "M.Fleisch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. julaceus",
        "authorship": "Lesq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. latifolius",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. latifolius",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. longicaulis",
        "authorship": "Hoffm. ex Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. longifolius",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. microphyllus",
        "authorship": "(Cardot & Réchin) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. minor",
        "authorship": "Saut."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. mollis",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. moravicus",
        "authorship": "(Podp.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. pallidisetus",
        "authorship": "Luisier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. pallidus",
        "authorship": "Boulay ex Delogne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. paludosus",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. paluster",
        "authorship": "(Brid. ex Schumach.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. papillosus",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. pehrii",
        "authorship": "Latzel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. planifolius",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. purpureus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. pusillus",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. robustus",
        "authorship": "P.de la Varde"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. robustus",
        "authorship": "Lesq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. rufescens",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. saussurianus",
        "authorship": "(Brid.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. stellatus",
        "authorship": "Lesq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. stenocarpus",
        "authorship": "(Bruch & Schimp.) Dixon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. subplanifolius",
        "authorship": "Geh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. tenuis",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. tripartitus",
        "authorship": "Molk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. turfosus",
        "authorship": "Velen."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. typicus",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. viridissimus",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. wallyanus",
        "authorship": "(Giacom.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon purpureus var. xanthopus",
        "authorship": "Sull."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon semilunaris",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon sinensis",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon stenocarpus",
        "authorship": "Bruch & Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon stenocarpus var. corsicus",
        "authorship": "(Bruch & Schimp.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon strictifolius",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon valdiviae",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon validus",
        "authorship": "(Cardot) Horik. & Ando"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon venezuelensis",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon vialis",
        "authorship": "Stirt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon viridatus",
        "authorship": "(Müll.Hal.) Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon vulcanicus",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ceratodon wallyanus",
        "authorship": "Giacom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum bipartitum",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum celsii",
        "authorship": "Hedw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum erythropum",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum intermedium",
        "authorship": "Hedw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum laxum",
        "authorship": "Brid. ex Schrad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum longisetum",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum palustre",
        "authorship": "Brid. ex Schumach."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum purpurascens",
        "authorship": "Hedw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum purpureum",
        "authorship": "Hedw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum purpureum var. bipartitum",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Turner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum purpureum var. intermedium",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Schleich."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum purpureum var. palustre",
        "authorship": "(Brid. ex Schumach.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum purpureum var. stellatum",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum purpureum var. tenue",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Turner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum strictum",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dicranum viridissimum",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Didymodon papillosus",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Didymodon purpureus",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Hook. & Taylor"
      },
      {
        "name": "Didymodon purpureus var. subacaulis",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Didymodon stenocarpus",
        "authorship": "(Bruch & Schimp.) Mitt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fuscina purpurea",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Schrank ex A.Déy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Grimmia halophila",
        "authorship": "Stirt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum recurvulum",
        "authorship": "Stirt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Leskeella cuspidata",
        "authorship": "J.J.Amann & Meyl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Meesia kenyae",
        "authorship": "P.de la Varde"
      },
      {
        "name": "Mielichhoferia recurvifolia",
        "authorship": "Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mnium purpureum",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) With."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula saussuriana",
        "authorship": "(Brid.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Davies"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichostomum basiflorum",
        "authorship": "Schrank ex Schrad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichostomum krintjingianum",
        "authorship": "Dozy & Molk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichostomum papillosum",
        "authorship": "(Dicks.) Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichostomum purpureum",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) De Not."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trichostomum tortum",
        "authorship": "Schrank ex Schrad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Zygodon viridatus",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceratodon_purpureus"
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  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": null,
    "climate": null
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 2.8,
      "median": 8.6,
      "p95": 13.1
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 362.5,
      "median": 724.2,
      "p95": 1127.1
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    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
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      "median": 22.8,
      "p95": 27.8
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -16.1,
      "median": -4.2,
      "p95": 4.3
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 528.5,
      "median": 799.1,
      "p95": 1869.1
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 11.2,
      "median": 26.6,
      "p95": 60.5
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 66.5,
      "median": 133.4,
      "p95": 300.4
    },
    "n": 1996,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1996 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/ceratodon-purpureus/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}