Celtis timorensisSpan.

WFO wfo-0000593788 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 7 observations

This species has been photographed under an open licence only 7 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.

Celtis timorensis, photographed by T R Shankar Raman
fig. a T R Shankar Raman, CC BY 4.0 / 2021-06-23 / obs. 157084646
Celtis timorensis, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. b Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 50334385
Celtis timorensis, photographed by Dinesh Valke
fig. c Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 175254896
Celtis timorensis, photographed by T R Shankar Raman
fig. d T R Shankar Raman, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 157084662
Celtis timorensis, photographed by Yj
fig. e Yj, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 113774634
Celtis timorensis, photographed by Yj
fig. f Yj, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 17161944
Celtis timorensis, photographed by Yj
fig. g Yj, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 17161609
Celtis timorensis, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. h Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 45203040

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Accession
K000852763
Filed as
Celtis timorensis Span.
Det. by
Soepadmo, E.
Collected
Waitz, F.A.C.
Origin
ID
The sheet
View the digitised specimen (CC BY 4.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 23 botanical countries

Regions where Celtis timorensis is native: China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Tibet, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Christmas I., East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Myanmar, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam China South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanTibetAssamBangladeshBorneoCambodiaEast HimalayaIndiaJawaLaosLesser Sunda Is.MyanmarNepalPhilippinesSri LankaSumateraThailandVietnam Andaman Is.Christmas I.Nicobar Is.
Native distribution of Celtis timorensis, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Andaman Is. AND ASIA-TROPICAL
Assam ASS
Bangladesh BAN
Borneo BOR
Cambodia CBD
Christmas I. XMS
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Jawa JAW
Laos LAO
Lesser Sunda Is. LSI
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
Nicobar Is. NCB
Philippines PHI
Sri Lanka SRL
Sumatera SUM
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
China South-Central CHC ASIA-TEMPERATE
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Tibet CHT

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 46 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 11.8 °C 13.1 °C 18.4 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 27.9 °C 29.7 °C 31.0 °C
Annual rainfall 1,302 mm 2,358 mm 4,712 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 15 mm 95 mm 123 mm

It is not found anywhere that gets close to freezing. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 46 research-grade observations of Celtis timorensis that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 7 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Celtis cinnamomea Lindl. ex Planch.
  • Celtis crenato-serrata Merr.
  • Celtis dysodoxylon Thwaites
  • Celtis hamata Blume
  • Celtis reticulosa Miq.
  • Celtis waitzii Blume
  • Sponia pendula Span.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.