Celtis occidentalisL.

common hackberry

WFO wfo-0000593651 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Celtis occidentalis, photographed by Michelle Norcéide
fig. a Michelle Norcéide, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-13 / obs. 205897618
Celtis occidentalis, photographed by Ryan Sorrells
fig. b Ryan Sorrells, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 203400749
Celtis occidentalis, photographed by Zakqary Roy
fig. c Zakqary Roy, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 198630691
Celtis occidentalis, photographed by rboles
fig. d rboles, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 202063138
Celtis occidentalis, photographed by Clay Gibbons
fig. e Clay Gibbons, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 197674960
Celtis occidentalis, photographed by Yann Kemper
fig. f Yann Kemper, CC0 1.0 / obs. 198019420
Celtis occidentalis, photographed by Yann Kemper
fig. g Yann Kemper, CC0 1.0 / obs. 198018976
Celtis occidentalis, photographed by Yann Kemper
fig. h Yann Kemper, CC0 1.0 / obs. 195747844

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Also published as 40 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Celtis audibertiana Spach
  • Celtis audibertiana var. oblongata Spach
  • Celtis audibertiana var. ovata Spach
  • Celtis canina Raf.
  • Celtis cordata Pers.
  • Celtis cordifolia L'Hér. ex Duhamel
  • Celtis crassifolia Lam.
  • Celtis crassifolia var. eucalyptifolia Spach
  • Celtis crassifolia var. morifolia Spach
  • Celtis crassifolia var. tiliifolia Spach
  • Celtis floridana Raf.
  • Celtis heterophyla Raf.
  • Celtis longifolia Nutt.
  • Celtis mississippiensis var. pumila (Pursh) Mack. & Bush
  • Celtis morifolia Raf.
  • Celtis obliqua Moench
  • Celtis occidentalis f. canina (Raf.) F.Seym.
  • Celtis occidentalis f. neglecta F.Seym.
  • Celtis occidentalis f. pumila (Pursh) F.Seym.
  • Celtis occidentalis var. aspera Dippel
  • Celtis occidentalis var. audibertiana (Spach) Dippel
  • Celtis occidentalis var. canina (Raf.) Sarg.
  • Celtis occidentalis var. cordata (Pers.) Willd.
  • Celtis occidentalis var. crassifolia (Lam.) A.Gray

and 16 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.