{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/cavendishia-bracteata/", "last_modified": "2025-12-15", "id": { "slug": "cavendishia-bracteata", "wfo": "wfo-0000591297", "inat_taxon_id": 291293 }, "name": { "scientific": "Cavendishia bracteata", "authorship": "(Ruiz & Pav. ex J.St.Hil.) Hoerold", "genus": "Cavendishia", "epithet": "bracteata", "family": "Ericaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 280 (1909)", "protologue_url": "https://padme.rbge.org.uk/wfo/wfo-0000591297", "common": { "preferred": null, "english": [], "source": null }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Andromeda trinervis", "authorship": "Dombey ex Dunal" }, { "name": "Cavendishia beckmanniana", "authorship": "Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia benthamiana", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia campii", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia chiapensis", "authorship": "Brandegee" }, { "name": "Cavendishia cordata", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia cordifolia", "authorship": "(Kunth) Drude" }, { "name": "Cavendishia costaricensis", "authorship": "Herold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia crassifolia", "authorship": "(Benth.) Hemsl." }, { "name": "Cavendishia dichroa", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia dugandiana", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia durifolia", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia gracilis", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia guatemalensis var. chiapensis", "authorship": "(Brandegee) L.O.Williams" }, { "name": "Cavendishia hartwegiana", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia hendersonii", "authorship": "(Regel) Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia hoffmannii", "authorship": "Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia killipii", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia lehmannii", "authorship": "Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia melastomoides", "authorship": "(Kunth) Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia miconioides", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia montana", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia peruviana", "authorship": "Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia pilgeriana", "authorship": "Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia pseudopubescens", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia pubescens var. microphylla", "authorship": "Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia rigidifolia", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia sandemanii", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia scabriuscula", "authorship": "(Kunth) Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia secundiflora", "authorship": "Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia sillarensis", "authorship": "Herzog" }, { "name": "Cavendishia skutchii", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia smithii", "authorship": "Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia splendens", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia splendens", "authorship": "Hook.f." }, { "name": "Cavendishia strobilifera", "authorship": "(Kunth) Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia tubiflora", "authorship": "A.C.Sm." }, { "name": "Cavendishia ulbrichiana", "authorship": "Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia ulei", "authorship": "Hoerold" }, { "name": "Cavendishia veraguensis", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Hemsl." }, { "name": "Cavendishia warscewiczii", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Hemsl." }, { "name": "Chupalon acuminatum", "authorship": "(Hook.) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon benthamianum", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon bracteatum", "authorship": "(Ruiz & Pav. ex J.St.-Hil.) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon cordatum", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon cordifolium", "authorship": "(Kunth) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon crassifolium", "authorship": "(Benth.) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon hartwegianum", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon latifolium", "authorship": "(Hemsl.) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon laurifolium", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon pseudopubescens", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon scabriusculum", "authorship": "(Kunth) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon splendens", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon strobiliferum", "authorship": "(Kunth) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon veraguense", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Chupalon warscewiczii", "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Polyboea crassifolia", "authorship": "(Benth.) Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Polyboea velutina", "authorship": "Griseb." }, { "name": "Proclesia acuminata", "authorship": "(Hook.) Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia benthamiana", "authorship": "Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia bracteata", "authorship": "(Ruiz & Pav. ex J.St.-Hil.) Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia cordata", "authorship": "Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia cordifolia", "authorship": "(Kunth) Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia hartwegiana", "authorship": "Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia melastomoides", "authorship": "(Kunth) Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia pseudo-pubescens", "authorship": "Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia scabriuscula", "authorship": "(Kunth) Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia splendens", "authorship": "Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia strobilifera", "authorship": "(Kunth) Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia veraguensis", "authorship": "Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Proclesia warscewiczii", "authorship": "Klotzsch" }, { "name": "Thibaudia bracteata", "authorship": "Ruiz & Pav. ex J.St.-Hil." }, { "name": "Thibaudia cordifolia", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Thibaudia crassifolia", "authorship": "Benth." }, { "name": "Thibaudia melastomoides", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Thibaudia mexicana", "authorship": "M.Martens & Galeotti" }, { "name": "Thibaudia pubescens var. parvifolia", "authorship": "Benth." }, { "name": "Thibaudia scabriuscula", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Thibaudia strobilifera", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Vaccinium trinerve", "authorship": "Dombey ex Dunal" } ], "wikipedia": null }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 133, "licences": [ "CC-BY", "CC-BY-SA" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 187588391, "license": "CC-BY-SA", "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": true, "creator": "Oscar Marín", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/gesnerio", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/ea0d2b68-c5b2-4f96-afac-db2c37551f50", "observed_on": "2022-04-11", "lat": 4.679, "lon": -75.54, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187588391/r1/400.avif", 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"https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2fd82dc6-e47d-4d95-8238-2696d65c8d60", "observed_on": "2022-03-18", "lat": 4.592, "lon": -74.033, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186481125/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186481125/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186481125/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186481125/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "GERMAN LEONEL SARMIENTO CRUZ, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 170539478, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Jake Rehage", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/unclecactus", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/ee034d7a-c3db-4423-9ff0-b788f2f9db54", "observed_on": "2021-11-25", "lat": 9.876, "lon": -84.143, "original": { "width": 1024, 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"continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western South America" }, { "code": "COS", "name": "Costa Rica", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "ECU", "name": "Ecuador", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western South America" }, { "code": "ELS", "name": "El Salvador", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "GUA", "name": "Guatemala", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "HON", "name": "Honduras", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "NIC", "name": "Nicaragua", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "PAN", "name": "Panamá", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" }, { "code": "PER", "name": "Peru", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Western South America" }, { "code": "VEN", "name": "Venezuela", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northern South America" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 43, "n_annotated": 49, "sufficient": true, "by_month": [ 8, 1, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 3, 3, 2, 7, 3 ], "annotated_by_month": [ 10, 2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 3, 3, 2, 8, 3 ], "share": [ 0.8, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, 0.875, null ], "ci": [ [ 0.4902, 0.9433 ], null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, [ 0.5291, 0.9776 ], null ], "peak_month": 11, "peak_basis": "share", "min_month_n": 5, "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "epiphytic shrub", "climate": "wet tropical" }, "climate_envelope": { "mean_annual_temp_c": { "p5": 10.3, "median": 13, "p95": 19.3 }, "temp_seasonality": { "p5": 18, "median": 34.8, "p95": 125 }, "max_temp_warmest_month_c": { "p5": 15.4, "median": 18.3, "p95": 25.5 }, "min_temp_coldest_month_c": { "p5": 5.3, "median": 8.6, "p95": 15 }, "annual_precip_mm": { "p5": 996, "median": 2075.7, "p95": 3937 }, "precip_seasonality": { "p5": 16.6, "median": 44.2, "p95": 83 }, "precip_driest_quarter_mm": { "p5": 64.1, "median": 188.6, "p95": 505.5 }, "n": 645, "units": { "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius", "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)", "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)", "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year", "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter" }, "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec", "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.", "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 645 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.", "is_hardiness_zone": false, "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other." }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "common_name", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name." }, { "field": "hardiness_zone", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/cavendishia-bracteata/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }