Cassine peragua

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Cassine peragua, photographed by linkie — fig. b linkie, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 194967167

Cassine peragua, photographed by Tony Rebelo — fig. c Tony Rebelo, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 173012737

Cassine peragua, photographed by Charleen Brunke — fig. g Charleen Brunke, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 130098996

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Accession: K000035433
Filed as: Cassine peragua L.
Det. by: Archer, R.H.
Collected: Zeyher
Origin: ZA
The sheet: View the digitised specimen (CC BY 4.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 4 botanical countries

Native distribution of Cassine peragua, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.

Region	TDWG code	Continent
Cape Provinces	CPP	AFRICA
Eswatini	SWZ
KwaZulu-Natal	NAT
Northern Provinces	TVL

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 76 in flower of 120 examined

82%

100%

80%

83%

62%

63%

30%

Proportion of examined Cassine peragua in flower, by month
Month	In flower	Examined	Share	95% interval
Jan	9	11	82%	52% to 95%
Feb	6	6	100%	61% to 100%
Mar	12	15	80%	55% to 93%
Apr	19	23	83%	63% to 93%
May	18	29	62%	44% to 77%
Jun	5	8	63%	31% to 86%
Jul	3	10	30%	11% to 60%
Aug	0	9	0%	0% to 30%
Sep	0	3	too few examined
Oct	0	1	too few examined
Nov	1	2	too few examined
Dec	3	3	too few examined

Peak flowering in Feb. Each bar is the share of Cassine peragua observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 76 of 120 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 4 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 594 observations

Condition	5th percentile	Median	95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low	6.2 °C	11.3 °C	13.1 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high	19.8 °C	21.6 °C	26.7 °C
Annual rainfall	494 mm	836 mm	1,248 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter	72 mm	97 mm	178 mm

It is barely found anywhere that freezes. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 594 research-grade observations of Cassine peragua that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 17 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

Cassine aethiopica Eckl. & Zeyh.
Cassine affinis Sond.
Cassine barba L.
Cassine barbara L.
Cassine capensis L.
Cassine colpoon Thunb.
Cassine kraussiana Bernh.
Cassine kraussiana Bernh. ex Harv. & Sond.
Cassine kraussiana Hochst.
Cassine paragua Mill.
Cassine serratifolia Salisb.
Cassine sphaerocarpa Cels ex Steud.
Celastrus barbarus L.
Elaeodendron ilicifolium Ten.
Elaeodendron kraussianum (Bernh.) Sim
Euonymus colpoon L.
Maurocenia phylliraea Mill.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.