Campanula rapunculusL.

rampionrampion bellflower

WFO wfo-0000828443 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Campanula rapunculus, photographed by Jason Grant
fig. a Jason Grant, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-11 / obs. 205225188
Campanula rapunculus, photographed by Pete Bradshaw
fig. b Pete Bradshaw, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204965499
Campanula rapunculus, photographed by Andrea Meucci
fig. c Andrea Meucci, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 204186633
Campanula rapunculus, photographed by Yann Kemper
fig. d Yann Kemper, CC0 1.0 / obs. 203611793
Campanula rapunculus, photographed by Yann Kemper
fig. e Yann Kemper, CC0 1.0 / obs. 203549336
Campanula rapunculus, photographed by Wolfgang Jauch
fig. f Wolfgang Jauch, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 204149468
Campanula rapunculus, photographed by Mehdi Chetibi
fig. g Mehdi Chetibi, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 203057483
Campanula rapunculus, photographed by Yann Kemper
fig. h Yann Kemper, CC0 1.0 / obs. 202658925

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium
The New York Botanical Garden
Accession
5088140
Filed as
Campanula rapunculus L.
Det. by
not recorded on this sheet
Collected
not recorded
Origin
not recorded
The sheet
View the digitised specimen (CC BY 4.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 33 botanical countries

Regions where Campanula rapunculus is native: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Iran, Lebanon-Syria, North Caucasus, Palestine, Transcaucasus, Türkiye, Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Krym, Netherlands, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Portugal, Romania, South European Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine AlgeriaMoroccoTunisiaIranLebanon-SyriaNorth CaucasusPalestineTranscaucasusTürkiyeAlbaniaAustriaBelarusBelgiumBulgariaCentral European RussiaCorseCzechia-SlovakiaFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryItalyKrymNetherlandsNW. Balkan Pen.PolandPortugalRomaniaSouth European RussiaSpainSwitzerlandTürkiye-in-EuropeUkraine
Native distribution of Campanula rapunculus, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Albania ALB EUROPE
Austria AUT
Belarus BLR
Belgium BGM
Bulgaria BUL
Central European Russia RUC
Corse COR
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
France FRA
Germany GER
Greece GRC
Hungary HUN
Italy ITA
Krym KRY
Netherlands NET
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Portugal POR
Romania ROM
South European Russia RUS
Spain SPA
Switzerland SWI
Türkiye-in-Europe TUE
Ukraine UKR
Iran IRN ASIA-TEMPERATE
Lebanon-Syria LBS
North Caucasus NCS
Palestine PAL
Transcaucasus TCS
Türkiye TUR
Algeria ALG AFRICA
Morocco MOR
Tunisia TUN

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 1,025 in flower of 1,037 examined

Peak flowering in Apr. Each bar is the share of Campanula rapunculus observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 1,025 of 1,037 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 4 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 2,026 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -4.5 °C 0.1 °C 7.4 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 21.8 °C 25.3 °C 31.4 °C
Annual rainfall 549 mm 816 mm 1,375 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 19 mm 143 mm 238 mm

It is found where winters bring light frost. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 2,026 research-grade observations of Campanula rapunculus that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 34 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Campanula calycina Boeber ex Roem. & Schult.
  • Campanula castellana Pau
  • Campanula coarctata Gilib.
  • Campanula decurrens Thore
  • Campanula elatior Link & Hoffmanns.
  • Campanula esculenta Salisb.
  • Campanula fastigiata S.G.Gmel.
  • Campanula glandulosa Banks ex A.DC.
  • Campanula hyrcania Wettst. ex Stapf
  • Campanula lambertiana A.DC.
  • Campanula patula var. rapunculus (L.) Kuntze
  • Campanula rapuncula St.-Lag.
  • Campanula rapunculus f. hirsutissima Faure
  • Campanula rapunculus f. lambertiana (A.DC.) Voss
  • Campanula rapunculus f. spiciformis (Boiss.) Voss
  • Campanula rapunculus subsp. verruculosa (Hoffmanns. & Link) P.Silva
  • Campanula rapunculus var. bracteosa Willk.
  • Campanula rapunculus var. calycina (Boeber ex Roem. & Schult.) K.Koch
  • Campanula rapunculus var. cymosospicata Willk.
  • Campanula rapunculus var. hirsuta Schur
  • Campanula rapunculus var. hirta Murr
  • Campanula rapunculus var. lambertiana (A.DC.) Boiss.
  • Campanula rapunculus var. micrantha Beyer
  • Campanula rapunculus var. racemosopaniculata Willk.

and 10 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.