Campanula bononiensisL.

European bellflower

WFO wfo-0000826672 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Campanula bononiensis, photographed by Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky)
fig. a Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky), CC BY 4.0 / 2021-10-16 / obs. 172176264
Campanula bononiensis, photographed by Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky)
fig. b Юрий Данилевский (Yuriy Danilevsky), CC BY 4.0 / obs. 163802127
Campanula bononiensis, photographed by Aleksei Baushev
fig. c Aleksei Baushev, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 150724346
Campanula bononiensis, photographed by Силаева Татьяна Борисовна
fig. d Силаева Татьяна Борисовна, CC0 1.0 / obs. 145143874
Campanula bononiensis, photographed by Иван Шихалев
fig. e Иван Шихалев, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 143517326
Campanula bononiensis, photographed by Иван Ковтун Ivan Kovtun
fig. f Иван Ковтун Ivan Kovtun, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 141678584
Campanula bononiensis, photographed by Maxim Shashkov
fig. g Maxim Shashkov, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 112377801
Campanula bononiensis, photographed by Эмиль Поливин
fig. h Эмиль Поливин, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 95553127

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium
The New York Botanical Garden
Accession
5081062
Filed as
Campanula bononiensis L.
Det. by
not recorded on this sheet
Collected
not recorded
Origin
not recorded
The sheet
View the digitised specimen (CC BY 4.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 29 botanical countries

Regions where Campanula bononiensis is native: Altay, Iran, Kazakhstan, North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Türkiye, West Siberia, Albania, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, Czechia-Slovakia, East European Russia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Krym, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Romania, South European Russia, Switzerland, Ukraine AltayIranKazakhstanNorth CaucasusTranscaucasusTürkiyeWest SiberiaAlbaniaAustriaBaltic StatesBelarusBulgariaCentral European RussiaCzechia-SlovakiaEast European RussiaFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryItalyKrymNorth European RussiaNorthwest European RussiaNW. Balkan Pen.PolandRomaniaSouth European RussiaSwitzerlandUkraine
Native distribution of Campanula bononiensis, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Albania ALB EUROPE
Austria AUT
Baltic States BLT
Belarus BLR
Bulgaria BUL
Central European Russia RUC
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
East European Russia RUE
France FRA
Germany GER
Greece GRC
Hungary HUN
Italy ITA
Krym KRY
North European Russia RUN
Northwest European Russia RUW
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Romania ROM
South European Russia RUS
Switzerland SWI
Ukraine UKR
Altay ALT ASIA-TEMPERATE
Iran IRN
Kazakhstan KAZ
North Caucasus NCS
Transcaucasus TCS
Türkiye TUR
West Siberia WSB

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 195 in flower of 211 examined

Peak flowering in Sep. Each bar is the share of Campanula bononiensis observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 195 of 211 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 6 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 2,020 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -18.2 °C -10.8 °C -1.7 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 22.3 °C 24.2 °C 27.0 °C
Annual rainfall 438 mm 595 mm 944 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 60 mm 102 mm 181 mm

It is found where winters are severely cold. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 2,020 research-grade observations of Campanula bononiensis that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 28 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Campanula bononiensis f. concolor Peterm.
  • Campanula bononiensis f. tenuiflora (Nyman) Soó
  • Campanula bononiensis subsp. obliquifolia (Ten.) Arcang.
  • Campanula bononiensis var. cana Nyman
  • Campanula bononiensis var. concolor Pančić
  • Campanula bononiensis var. latifolia Schur
  • Campanula bononiensis var. lychnitis (Hornem.) K.Koch
  • Campanula bononiensis var. obliquifolia (Ten.) A.DC.
  • Campanula bononiensis var. pancicii Niketić
  • Campanula bononiensis var. ruthenica (M.Bieb.) K.Koch
  • Campanula bononiensis var. simplex (Lam. ex DC.) Steud.
  • Campanula bononiensis var. tenuiflora Nyman
  • Campanula bononiensis var. thaliana (Wallr.) K.Koch
  • Campanula cana Simonk.
  • Campanula lychnitis Hornem.
  • Campanula micrantha Schur
  • Campanula multiflora hort. ex A.DC.
  • Campanula obliquifolia Ten.
  • Campanula petraea Hablitz
  • Campanula pyramidata Gilib.
  • Campanula racemosa Vuk.
  • Campanula ruthenica M.Bieb.
  • Campanula simplex Lam. ex DC.
  • Campanula tenuiflora Schur

and 4 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.