Calendula arvensisL.

field marigold

WFO wfo-0000027999 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Calendula arvensis, photographed by Quentin Groom
fig. a Quentin Groom, CC0 1.0 / 2022-05-16 / obs. 198290708
Calendula arvensis, photographed by scolym
fig. b scolym, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 195879438
Calendula arvensis, photographed by Noa
fig. c Noa, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 191622935
Calendula arvensis, photographed by Chuck Wilson
fig. d Chuck Wilson, CC0 1.0 / obs. 190537786
Calendula arvensis, photographed by Katrin Simon
fig. e Katrin Simon, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 190020912
Calendula arvensis, photographed by Vasileia Sef
fig. f Vasileia Sef, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 189244849
Calendula arvensis, photographed by Rick Mandel
fig. g Rick Mandel, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 189355722
Calendula arvensis, photographed by Tim Johnson
fig. h Tim Johnson, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 188971612

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 56 botanical countries

Regions where Calendula arvensis is native: Algeria, Azores, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Madeira, Morocco, Tunisia, Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Gulf States, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon-Syria, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sinai, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Yemen, Pakistan, West Himalaya, Albania, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belgium, Bulgaria, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kriti, Krym, Netherlands, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine AlgeriaChadEgyptLibyaMoroccoTunisiaAfghanistanCyprusEast Aegean Is.Gulf StatesIranIraqKuwaitLebanon-SyriaOmanPalestineSaudi ArabiaSinaiTadzhikistanTranscaucasusTürkiyeTurkmenistanYemenPakistanWest HimalayaAlbaniaAustriaBaltic StatesBelgiumBulgariaCorseCzechia-SlovakiaFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryItalyKritiKrymNetherlandsNW. Balkan Pen.PolandPortugalRomaniaSiciliaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTürkiye-in-EuropeUkraine AzoresCanary Is.Cape VerdeMadeiraBalearesSardegna
Native distribution of Calendula arvensis, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Albania ALB EUROPE
Austria AUT
Baleares BAL
Baltic States BLT
Belgium BGM
Bulgaria BUL
Corse COR
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
France FRA
Germany GER
Greece GRC
Hungary HUN
Italy ITA
Kriti KRI
Krym KRY
Netherlands NET
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Portugal POR
Romania ROM
Sardegna SAR
Sicilia SIC
Spain SPA
Sweden SWE
Switzerland SWI
Türkiye-in-Europe TUE
Ukraine UKR
Afghanistan AFG ASIA-TEMPERATE
Cyprus CYP
East Aegean Is. EAI
Gulf States GST
Iran IRN
Iraq IRQ
Kuwait KUW
Lebanon-Syria LBS
Oman OMA
Palestine PAL
Saudi Arabia SAU
Sinai SIN
Tadzhikistan TZK
Transcaucasus TCS
Türkiye TUR
Turkmenistan TKM
Yemen YEM
Algeria ALG AFRICA
Azores AZO
Canary Is. CNY
Cape Verde CVI
Chad CHA
Egypt EGY
Libya LBY
Madeira MDR
Morocco MOR
Tunisia TUN
Pakistan PAK ASIA-TROPICAL
West Himalaya WHM

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 1,721 in flower of 1,797 examined

Peak flowering in Nov. Each bar is the share of Calendula arvensis observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 1,721 of 1,797 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 68 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Calendula aegyptiaca Desf.
  • Calendula aegyptiaca Pers.
  • Calendula aegyptiaca subsp. aegyptiaca
  • Calendula aegyptiaca subsp. aegyptiaca
  • Calendula aegyptiaca subsp. ceratosperma (Viv.) Murb.
  • Calendula aegyptiaca var. aegyptiaca
  • Calendula aegyptiaca var. ceratosperma (Viv.) Pamp.
  • Calendula aegyptiaca var. crista-galli (Viv.) Bég. & Vacc.
  • Calendula aegyptiaca var. exalata-longirostris Lanza
  • Calendula aegyptiaca var. hymenocarpa (DC.) Pamp.
  • Calendula aegyptiaca var. intermedia (Coss. & Kralik) Pamp.
  • Calendula aegyptiaca var. microcephala (Kral ex Rchb.) Boiss.
  • Calendula aegyptiaca var. platycarpa (Coss.) Batt.
  • Calendula aegyptiaca var. suberostris Boiss.
  • Calendula alata Rech.f.
  • Calendula arvensis Batt.
  • Calendula arvensis subsp. aegyptiaca (Pers.) Hayek
  • Calendula arvensis subsp. bicolor (Raf.) Nyman
  • Calendula arvensis subsp. hydruntina (Fiori) Lanza
  • Calendula arvensis subsp. macroptera Rouy
  • Calendula arvensis subsp. malacitana (Boiss. & Reut.) Cout.
  • Calendula arvensis subsp. micrantha (Tineo & Guss.) Arcangeli
  • Calendula arvensis subsp. sublanata (Rchb.) Nyman
  • Calendula arvensis var. arvensis

and 44 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. USDA PLANTS Database. common name, checklist symbol CAAR. public domain. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.