{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/calamagrostis-stricta/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "calamagrostis-stricta",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000858042",
    "inat_taxon_id": 75930
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Calamagrostis stricta",
    "authorship": "(Timm) Koeler",
    "genus": "Calamagrostis",
    "epithet": "stricta",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Descr. Gramin. : 105 (1802)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30241135-2",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "narrow small-reed",
      "english": [
        "narrow small-reed",
        "slimstem reedgrass"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Agrostis arundinacea",
        "authorship": "J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Agrostis arundinacea var. contracta",
        "authorship": "(Dumort.) Lej."
      },
      {
        "name": "Arundo groenlandica",
        "authorship": "Schrank"
      },
      {
        "name": "Arundo stricta",
        "authorship": "Hofft."
      },
      {
        "name": "Arundo stricta",
        "authorship": "Timm"
      },
      {
        "name": "Arundo stricta var. angustata",
        "authorship": "Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Arundo stricta var. interrupta",
        "authorship": "Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis ameghinoi",
        "authorship": "(Speg.) Macloskie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis arundinacea var. contracta",
        "authorship": "(Dumort.) Koltz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis borealis",
        "authorship": "Laest."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis contracta",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis freticola",
        "authorship": "(Speg.) Makloskie"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis fuegiana",
        "authorship": "Speg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis groenlandica",
        "authorship": "(Schrank) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis groenlandica var. iljinii",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis haenkeana",
        "authorship": "Hitchc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis hookeri",
        "authorship": "(Syme) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis inexpansa",
        "authorship": "A.Gray ex Torr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis inexpansa subsp. micrantha",
        "authorship": "(Kearney) Stebbins & D.Zohary"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis jakutensis",
        "authorship": "Petrov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis kolgujewensis",
        "authorship": "Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis laxiflora",
        "authorship": "Kearney"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis lucida",
        "authorship": "Scribn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis magellanica",
        "authorship": "Phil."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis micrantha",
        "authorship": "Kearney"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis micrantha var. micrantha",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta f. exserta",
        "authorship": "(Domin) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta f. violacea",
        "authorship": "Matuszk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta subsp. australis",
        "authorship": "Selander"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta subsp. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Laest.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta subsp. groenlandica",
        "authorship": "(Schrank) Matuszk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta subsp. micrantha",
        "authorship": "(Kearney) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta subsp. neglecta",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta subsp. stricta",
        "authorship": "(Timm) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. borealis",
        "authorship": "(C.Laest.) Kearney"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. elatior",
        "authorship": "Hausskn. ex Andersson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. fallax",
        "authorship": "Asch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. groenlandica",
        "authorship": "(Schrank) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. hookeri",
        "authorship": "(Syme) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. interrupta",
        "authorship": "(Wahlenb.) Benn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. interruptus",
        "authorship": "(Wahlenb.) Benn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "Holmgren ex Andersson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. laxa",
        "authorship": "Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. micrantha",
        "authorship": "(Kearney) Stebbins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. neglecta",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. obscura",
        "authorship": "Meinsh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. pallida",
        "authorship": "Meinsh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. poaeoides",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. poioides",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. stricta",
        "authorship": "(Timm) Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. viridis",
        "authorship": "Torges"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis neglecta var. wrightii",
        "authorship": "Kearney"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis ochotensis",
        "authorship": "V.N.Vassil."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis poioides",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis praerupta",
        "authorship": "V.N.Vassil."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis reverdattoi",
        "authorship": "Golub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis robertii",
        "authorship": "A.E.Porsild"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta f. exserta",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta f. pilosior",
        "authorship": "Norm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta subsp. atrorubens",
        "authorship": "Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta subsp. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Laest.) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta subsp. groenlandica",
        "authorship": "(Schrank) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta subsp. stricta",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta var. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Laest.) Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta var. elatior",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta var. geniculata",
        "authorship": "Blytt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta var. groenlandica",
        "authorship": "(Schrank) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta var. hookeri",
        "authorship": "Syme"
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta var. humilior",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis stricta var. stricta",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis sylvatica subsp. contracta",
        "authorship": "Dumort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis sylvatico-stricta",
        "authorship": "Kuehlew. ex Ledeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Calamagrostis sylvaticostricta",
        "authorship": "Kühlew. ex Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia ameghinoi",
        "authorship": "Speg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia borealis",
        "authorship": "Macoun"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia borealis",
        "authorship": "(C.Laest.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia freticola",
        "authorship": "Speg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia groenlandica",
        "authorship": "(Schrank) Kerguélen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia groenlandica subsp. stricta",
        "authorship": "(Timm) Kerguélen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia hookeri",
        "authorship": "(Syme) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia micrantha",
        "authorship": "(Kearney) L.Liu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia neglecta var. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Laest.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia neglecta var. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia neglecta var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Scribn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia poioides",
        "authorship": "(Steud.) Rúgolo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Deyeuxia vancouverensis",
        "authorship": "Vasey"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamagrostis_stricta"
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 23,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY",
      "CC-BY-SA"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 177400006,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Eric Lamb",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/eric_lamb",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/54727a1e-0f97-495c-83a3-c7226a510d56",
        "observed_on": "2021-09-11",
        "lat": 53.611,
        "lon": -106.051,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 682
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/177400006/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/177400006/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/177400006/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/177400006/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Eric Lamb, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 9791733,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Matt Bowser",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mbowser",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/45d358be-bd6c-4dcd-a273-b3fa62e7edbf",
        "observed_on": "2017-08-02",
        "lat": 60.552,
        "lon": -150.275,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/9791733/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/9791733/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/9791733/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/9791733/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Matt Bowser, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 156507927,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Matt Lavin",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mattlavin",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/0a86a2d6-fe68-4ba8-9b13-adddd64fa17a",
        "observed_on": "2009-09-03",
        "lat": 45.654,
        "lon": -111.048,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156507927/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156507927/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156507927/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/156507927/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Matt Lavin, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 111944586,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Ochirnima Nimaev",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/ochirnima_nimaev",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/ebf18de9-2066-4272-847f-3d3894d82475",
        "observed_on": "2008-07-10",
        "lat": 51.265,
        "lon": 114.02,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/111944586/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/111944586/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/111944586/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/111944586/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Ochirnima Nimaev, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 177400012,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Eric Lamb",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/eric_lamb",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/54727a1e-0f97-495c-83a3-c7226a510d56",
        "observed_on": "2021-09-11",
        "lat": 53.611,
        "lon": -106.051,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 877
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/177400012/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/177400012/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/177400012/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/177400012/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Eric Lamb, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 46815713,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Grzegorz Grzejszczak",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/grzegorz_grzejszczak",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/dc38cff7-1c68-4d94-91d3-c7a41fca4fea",
        "observed_on": "2019-07-16",
        "lat": 53.544,
        "lon": 16.465,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          768
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/46815713/r1/400.avif",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/46815713/r1/768.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/46815713/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/46815713/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Grzegorz Grzejszczak, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 186092355,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Eric Lamb",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/eric_lamb",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/276e73d5-fabb-45fe-a159-96c2800164ed",
        "observed_on": "2021-08-09",
        "lat": 53.912,
        "lon": -106.097,
        "original": {
          "width": 734,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          734
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186092355/r1/400.avif",
            "734": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186092355/r1/734.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186092355/r1/400.jpg",
            "734": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186092355/r1/734.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Eric Lamb, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 59760708,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Allan Harris",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/allan7",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/cfbda7bb-e0b7-47e6-bc82-da2778494b3a",
        "observed_on": "1996-09-07",
        "lat": 48.788,
        "lon": -86.62,
        "original": {
          "width": 683,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/59760708/r1/400.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/59760708/r1/400.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Allan Harris, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALT",
      "AMU",
      "KAM",
      "KAZ",
      "KHA",
      "KOR",
      "KUR",
      "MAG",
      "MON",
      "PRM",
      "SAK",
      "TZK",
      "TCS",
      "TUR",
      "WSB",
      "YAK",
      "BLT",
      "BLR",
      "RUC",
      "CZE",
      "DEN",
      "RUE",
      "FIN",
      "GER",
      "GRB",
      "HUN",
      "ICE",
      "IRE",
      "NET",
      "RUN",
      "RUW",
      "NOR",
      "POL",
      "ROM",
      "RUS",
      "SVA",
      "SWE",
      "UKR",
      "ASK",
      "ABT",
      "ARI",
      "BRC",
      "CAL",
      "COL",
      "CNT",
      "GNL",
      "IDA",
      "ILL",
      "INI",
      "IOW",
      "KAN",
      "LAB",
      "MAI",
      "MAN",
      "MIC",
      "MIN",
      "MSO",
      "MNT",
      "NEB",
      "NEV",
      "NBR",
      "NWH",
      "NWJ",
      "NWY",
      "NFL",
      "NDA",
      "NWT",
      "NSC",
      "NUN",
      "OHI",
      "ONT",
      "ORE",
      "PEN",
      "PEI",
      "QUE",
      "SAS",
      "SDA",
      "UTA",
      "VER",
      "WAS",
      "WVA",
      "WIS",
      "WYO",
      "YUK",
      "AGS",
      "BOL",
      "CLS",
      "PER"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AMU",
        "name": "Amur",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAM",
        "name": "Kamchatka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KHA",
        "name": "Khabarovsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KUR",
        "name": "Kuril Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAG",
        "name": "Magadan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PRM",
        "name": "Primorye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAK",
        "name": "Sakhalin",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "YAK",
        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ICE",
        "name": "Iceland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRE",
        "name": "Ireland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SVA",
        "name": "Svalbard",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASK",
        "name": "Alaska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ABT",
        "name": "Alberta",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "BRC",
        "name": "British Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAL",
        "name": "California",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "COL",
        "name": "Colorado",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "CNT",
        "name": "Connecticut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "GNL",
        "name": "Greenland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "IDA",
        "name": "Idaho",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ILL",
        "name": "Illinois",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "INI",
        "name": "Indiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IOW",
        "name": "Iowa",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KAN",
        "name": "Kansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LAB",
        "name": "Labrador",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAI",
        "name": "Maine",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAN",
        "name": "Manitoba",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIN",
        "name": "Minnesota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSO",
        "name": "Missouri",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MNT",
        "name": "Montana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEB",
        "name": "Nebraska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEV",
        "name": "Nevada",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NBR",
        "name": "New Brunswick",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWH",
        "name": "New Hampshire",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWJ",
        "name": "New Jersey",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NFL",
        "name": "Newfoundland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NDA",
        "name": "North Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWT",
        "name": "Northwest Territories",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSC",
        "name": "Nova Scotia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NUN",
        "name": "Nunavut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "OHI",
        "name": "Ohio",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ORE",
        "name": "Oregon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEI",
        "name": "Prince Edward I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAS",
        "name": "Saskatchewan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "SDA",
        "name": "South Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "UTA",
        "name": "Utah",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WAS",
        "name": "Washington",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WVA",
        "name": "West Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WIS",
        "name": "Wisconsin",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WYO",
        "name": "Wyoming",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "YUK",
        "name": "Yukon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGS",
        "name": "Argentina South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLS",
        "name": "Chile South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 7,
    "n_annotated": 18,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial or rhizomatous geophyte",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": -6.5,
      "median": 2.7,
      "p95": 8.9
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 693.8,
      "median": 993,
      "p95": 1377.3
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 12.3,
      "median": 21.6,
      "p95": 27.3
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -27.6,
      "median": -13.8,
      "p95": -5.2
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 288.4,
      "median": 611.4,
      "p95": 1192
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 15.6,
      "median": 41.3,
      "p95": 74.3
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 24.2,
      "median": 76.7,
      "p95": 248.9
    },
    "n": 316,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 316 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 7 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/calamagrostis-stricta/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}