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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/bromus-pumpellianus/",
  "last_modified": "2024-06-04",
  "id": {
    "slug": "bromus-pumpellianus",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000856279",
    "inat_taxon_id": 949599
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Bromus pumpellianus",
    "authorship": "Scribn.",
    "genus": "Bromus",
    "epithet": "pumpellianus",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 9 (1888)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:37137-2",
    "common": {
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      "english": [],
      "source": null
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    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis alpina",
        "authorship": "(Malyschev) Peschkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis altaica",
        "authorship": "Peschkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis arctica",
        "authorship": "(Shear ex Scribn. & Merr.) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis arctica var. alpina",
        "authorship": "(Malyschev) Peschkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis austrosibirica",
        "authorship": "Peschkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis bargusinensis",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis dicksonii",
        "authorship": "(W.W.Mitch. & Wilton) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis flexuosa",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis gorodkovae",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis inermis subsp. pumpelliana",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) W.A.Weber"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis ircutensis",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis karavajevii",
        "authorship": "(Tzvelev) Czerep."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis korotkyi",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis ornans",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pavlovii",
        "authorship": "(Roshev.) Peschkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. arctica",
        "authorship": "(Shear ex Scribn. & Merr.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. arctica",
        "authorship": "(Shear ex Scribn. & Merr.) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. flexuosa",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Prob."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. ircutensis",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. karavajevii",
        "authorship": "(Tzvelev) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. korotkiji",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. korotkyi",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. orans",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. sibirica",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. simaczevae",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. taimyrensis",
        "authorship": "(Roshev.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana subsp. vogulica",
        "authorship": "(Soczava) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana var. arctica",
        "authorship": "(Shear ex Scribn. & Merr.) Kozhevn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana var. barguzinensis",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana var. flexuosa",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana var. ircutensis",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana var. pellita",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana var. taimyrensis",
        "authorship": "(Roshev.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis pumpelliana var. villosissima",
        "authorship": "(Hultén) Kozhevn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis roshevitziana",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis sibirica",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Peschkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis sibirica var. bargusinensis",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Gubanov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis simaczevae",
        "authorship": "(Tzvelev) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis taimyrensis",
        "authorship": "(Roshev.) Peschkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis ubsunurica",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis uralensis",
        "authorship": "(Govor.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromopsis vogulica",
        "authorship": "(Soczava) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus arcticus",
        "authorship": "Shear ex Scribn. & Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus arcticus subsp. ornans",
        "authorship": "(Komarov) Karav. ex Gubanov & V.N.Tikhom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus arcticus subsp. ornans",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Karav."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus arcticus var. ornans",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Hultén"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus arcticus var. paramushirensis",
        "authorship": "(Kudô) Miyabe & Kudô"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus arcticus var. vogulicus",
        "authorship": "(Soczava) Gubanov & V.N.Tikhom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus ciliatus var. coloradensis",
        "authorship": "Vasey ex Beal"
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      {
        "name": "Bromus inermis subsp. pumpellianus",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) Wagnon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus inermis subsp. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Hook.) Wagnon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus inermis var. arcticus",
        "authorship": "(Shear ex Scribn. & Merr.) Wagnon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus inermis var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Hook.) Wagnon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus inermis var. sibiricus",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Krylov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus inermis var. tweedyi",
        "authorship": "(Scribn. ex Beal) C.L.Hitchc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus ircutensis",
        "authorship": "Kom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus jaluanus",
        "authorship": "Nakai"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus julii",
        "authorship": "Govor."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus korotkiji",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus occidentalis",
        "authorship": "(Nevski) Pavlov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus ornans",
        "authorship": "Kom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus paramushirensis",
        "authorship": "Kudô"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus pavlovii",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus pumpelli",
        "authorship": "Scribn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus pumpellianus subsp. dicksonii",
        "authorship": "W.W.Mitch. & Wilton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus pumpellianus subsp. pumpellianus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus pumpellianus var. arcticus",
        "authorship": "(Shear ex Scribn. & Merr.) A.E.Porsild"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus pumpellianus var. pumpellianus",
        "authorship": null
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      {
        "name": "Bromus pumpellianus var. tweedyi",
        "authorship": "Scribn. ex Beal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus pumpellianus var. villosissimus",
        "authorship": "Hultén"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus pumpellii",
        "authorship": "Scribn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus purgans var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus richardsonii subsp. flexuosus",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) T.Koyama"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus f. alpinus",
        "authorship": "Malyschev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus f. pilosus",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus subsp. flexuosus",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Kuvaev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus subsp. julii",
        "authorship": "(Govor.) Kuvaev"
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      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus var. barguzinensis",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus var. flexuosus",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus var. glaber",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus var. pauciflorus",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
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      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus var. pellitus",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus var. taimyrensis",
        "authorship": "Roshev."
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      {
        "name": "Bromus sibiricus var. villosus",
        "authorship": "Drobow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus uralensis",
        "authorship": "Govor."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bromus vogulicus",
        "authorship": "Soczava"
      },
      {
        "name": "Forasaccus pumpellianus",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) Lunell"
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      {
        "name": "Zerna arctica",
        "authorship": "(Shear ex Scribn. & Merr.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zerna irkutensis",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Nevski"
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      {
        "name": "Zerna korotkyi",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zerna occidentalis",
        "authorship": "Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zerna ornans",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Nevski"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zerna pumpelliana",
        "authorship": "(Scribn.) Tzvelev"
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      {
        "name": "Zerna pumpelliana subsp. arctica",
        "authorship": "(Shear ex Scribn. & Merr.) Tzvelev"
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      {
        "name": "Zerna pumpelliana subsp. karavajevii",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
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        "name": "Zerna pumpelliana subsp. korotkiji",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
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        "name": "Zerna pumpelliana subsp. korotkyi",
        "authorship": "(Drobow) Tzvelev"
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        "name": "Zerna pumpelliana subsp. ornans",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Tzvelev"
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      {
        "name": "Zerna pumpelliana subsp. vogulica",
        "authorship": "(Soczava) Tzvelev"
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      {
        "name": "Zerna vogulica",
        "authorship": "(Soczava) Nevski"
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    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALT",
      "AMU",
      "BRY",
      "CHN",
      "CTA",
      "CHI",
      "IRK",
      "JAP",
      "KAM",
      "KAZ",
      "KHA",
      "KOR",
      "KRA",
      "KUR",
      "MAG",
      "CHM",
      "MON",
      "PRM",
      "SAK",
      "TVA",
      "WSB",
      "CHX",
      "YAK",
      "RUE",
      "RUN",
      "ASK",
      "ABT",
      "BRC",
      "COL",
      "IDA",
      "LAB",
      "MAI",
      "MAN",
      "MAS",
      "MIC",
      "MNT",
      "NWM",
      "NWY",
      "NFL",
      "NWT",
      "NUN",
      "ONT",
      "ORE",
      "QUE",
      "SAS",
      "WAS",
      "WYO",
      "YUK"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AMU",
        "name": "Amur",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRY",
        "name": "Buryatiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CTA",
        "name": "Chita",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHI",
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRK",
        "name": "Irkutsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAM",
        "name": "Kamchatka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KHA",
        "name": "Khabarovsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KUR",
        "name": "Kuril Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAG",
        "name": "Magadan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHM",
        "name": "Manchuria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PRM",
        "name": "Primorye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAK",
        "name": "Sakhalin",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVA",
        "name": "Tuva",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YAK",
        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASK",
        "name": "Alaska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ABT",
        "name": "Alberta",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRC",
        "name": "British Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "COL",
        "name": "Colorado",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IDA",
        "name": "Idaho",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LAB",
        "name": "Labrador",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAI",
        "name": "Maine",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAN",
        "name": "Manitoba",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAS",
        "name": "Massachusetts",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MNT",
        "name": "Montana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWM",
        "name": "New Mexico",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NFL",
        "name": "Newfoundland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWT",
        "name": "Northwest Territories",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NUN",
        "name": "Nunavut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ORE",
        "name": "Oregon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAS",
        "name": "Saskatchewan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAS",
        "name": "Washington",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WYO",
        "name": "Wyoming",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "YUK",
        "name": "Yukon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 5,
    "n_annotated": 8,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": -9.6,
      "median": -0.2,
      "p95": 3.6
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 830.6,
      "median": 1128,
      "p95": 1565.7
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 8.1,
      "median": 18.8,
      "p95": 24.5
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -29.9,
      "median": -21,
      "p95": -10.8
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 255.9,
      "median": 445.2,
      "p95": 1203
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 26.4,
      "median": 47,
      "p95": 110.7
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 10.1,
      "median": 44.5,
      "p95": 192.8
    },
    "n": 216,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 216 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/bromus-pumpellianus/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}