Brassica juncea(L.) Czern.

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WFO wfo-0000571186 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Brassica juncea, photographed by WATANABE Hitoshi 渡辺仁
fig. a WATANABE Hitoshi 渡辺仁, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-05-02 / obs. 193571164
Brassica juncea, photographed by Timur Kalininsky
fig. b Timur Kalininsky, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 202814481
Brassica juncea, photographed by Matthew Fainman
fig. c Matthew Fainman, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 87300092
Brassica juncea, photographed by Patrick Hacker
fig. d Patrick Hacker, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 64449640
Brassica juncea, photographed by Matthew Fainman
fig. e Matthew Fainman, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 59604080
Brassica juncea, photographed by Shaun Swanepoel
fig. f Shaun Swanepoel, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 30277309
Brassica juncea, photographed by harum.koh
fig. g harum.koh, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 6616911
Brassica juncea, photographed by Dinesh Valke
fig. h Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 130482992

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Flowering 64 in flower of 75 examined

Peak flowering in Apr. Each bar is the share of Brassica juncea observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 64 of 75 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 5 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 379 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -21.0 °C -1.1 °C 12.8 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 20.8 °C 27.3 °C 39.6 °C
Annual rainfall 336 mm 873 mm 1,801 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 7 mm 110 mm 271 mm

It is found where winters are severely cold. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 379 research-grade observations of Brassica juncea that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 74 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Brassica argyi H.Lév.
  • Brassica arvensis var. juncea Kuntze
  • Brassica besseriana Andrz. ex Trautv.
  • Brassica celerifolia (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Y.Z.Lan & T.Y.Cheo
  • Brassica cernua Matsum.
  • Brassica cernua (Thunb.) F.B.Forbes & Hemsl.
  • Brassica cernua var. chirimenna Makino
  • Brassica chenopodiifolia Sennen & Pau
  • Brassica chinensis f. japonica (Sieb. ex Miq.) M.Hiroe
  • Brassica integrifolia (H.West) Rupr.
  • Brassica integrifolia var. timoriana (DC.) O.E.Schulz
  • Brassica juncea subsp. rugosa (Roxb.) Prain
  • Brassica juncea var. aspera (Prain) O.E.Schulz
  • Brassica juncea var. celerifolia Tsen & S.H.Lee
  • Brassica juncea var. chinensis (L.) N.Busch
  • Brassica juncea var. crassicaulis Chen & Yang
  • Brassica juncea var. crispifolia L.H.Bailey
  • Brassica juncea var. cuneifolia Prain
  • Brassica juncea var. elata (Prain) O.E.Schulz
  • Brassica juncea var. foliosa L.H.Bailey
  • Brassica juncea var. gemmifera Lee & Lin
  • Brassica juncea var. gracilis Tsen & S.H.Lee
  • Brassica juncea var. integrifolia (Stokes) Sinskaya
  • Brassica juncea var. involutus Yang & Chen

and 50 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite. It has no native range either: Kew's checklist does not cover this taxon.