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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/bothriochloa-bladhii/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "bothriochloa-bladhii",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000853759",
    "inat_taxon_id": 159317
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Bothriochloa bladhii",
    "authorship": "(Retz.) S.T.Blake",
    "genus": "Bothriochloa",
    "epithet": "bladhii",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 80: 62 (1969)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:392701-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Caucasian bluestem",
      "english": [
        "Caucasian bluestem"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Amphilophis glabra var. haenkei",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) E.G.Camus & A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amphilophis haenkei",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Haines"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amphilophis insculpta var. vegetior",
        "authorship": "(Hack.) Stapf"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amphilophis intermedia",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Stapf"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amphilophis intermedia var. acidula",
        "authorship": "(Stapf) Stapf"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amphilophis odorata",
        "authorship": "(Lisboa) A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Anatherum montanum",
        "authorship": "(Roxb.) Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon annulatus var. bladhii",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon bladhii",
        "authorship": "Retz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon caucasicus",
        "authorship": "Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon glaber var. haenkei",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon haenkei",
        "authorship": "J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon intermedius",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon intermedius subvar. perfossus",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon intermedius var. acidula",
        "authorship": "Stapf"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon intermedius var. acidulus",
        "authorship": "Stapf"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon intermedius var. caucasicus",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon intermedius var. genuinus",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon intermedius var. haenkei",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon intermedius var. haenkii",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon intermedius var. inundatus",
        "authorship": "(F.Muell.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon intermedius var. punctatus",
        "authorship": "(Roxb.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon inundatus",
        "authorship": "F.Muell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon leptanthus",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon montanus",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon odoratus",
        "authorship": "Lisboa"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon perfossus",
        "authorship": "Nees & Meyen ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon pertusus var. vegetior",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon punctatus",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon vachellii",
        "authorship": "Nees ex Hook. & Arn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon vachellii var. perfectior",
        "authorship": "Hook. & Arn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa anamitica",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa bladhii subsp. bladhii",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa bladhii var. bladhii",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa bladhii var. punctata",
        "authorship": "(Roxb.) R.R.Stewart"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa caucasica",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) C.E.Hubb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa glabra subsp. haenkeri",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Henrard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa glabra var. epunctata",
        "authorship": "Jacks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa glabra var. haenkei",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa glabra var. perfectior",
        "authorship": "(Hook. & Arn.) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa haenkei",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Ohwi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa insculpta var. vegetior",
        "authorship": "(Hack.) C.E.Hubb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa intermedia",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa intermedia var. acidula",
        "authorship": "(Stapf) C.E.Hubb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa intermedia var. punctata",
        "authorship": "(Roxb.) Keng"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa inundata",
        "authorship": "(F.Muell.) J.M.Black"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa odorata",
        "authorship": "(Lisboa) A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bothriochloa punctata",
        "authorship": "(Roxb.) L.Liu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Capillipedium parviflorum var. montanum",
        "authorship": "(Roxb.) Roberty"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chrysopogon strictus",
        "authorship": "B.D.Jacks."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cymbopogon odoratus",
        "authorship": "(J.R.Lisboa) G.Watt"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dichanthium bladhii",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Clayton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dichanthium caucasicum",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) S.K.Jain & Deshp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dichanthium glabrum var. punctatum",
        "authorship": "(Roxb.) Deshp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Dichanthium intermedium",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) de Wet & Harlan"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dichanthium ischaemum subvar. intermedium",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Roberty"
      },
      {
        "name": "Dichanthium odoratum",
        "authorship": "(Lisboa) S.K.Jain & Deshp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lepeocercis bladhii",
        "authorship": "Nees ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhaphis stricta",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sorghum caucasicum",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sorghum intermedium",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sorghum intermedium var. haenkei",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sorghum montanum",
        "authorship": "(Roxb.) Kuntze"
      }
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    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bothriochloa_bladhii"
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        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLI",
        "name": "Mali",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAU",
        "name": "Mauritius",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAM",
        "name": "Namibia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGA",
        "name": "Nigeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROD",
        "name": "Rodrigues",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "REU",
        "name": "Réunion",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEN",
        "name": "Senegal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHH",
        "name": "Hainan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KGZ",
        "name": "Kirgizstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NNS",
        "name": "Nansei-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "OMA",
        "name": "Oman",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YEM",
        "name": "Yemen",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOR",
        "name": "Borneo",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "EHM",
        "name": "East Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCS",
        "name": "South China Sea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOA",
        "name": "South Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAU",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAL",
        "name": "Wallis-Futuna Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 53,
    "n_annotated": 63,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      5,
      2,
      4,
      7,
      2,
      3,
      1,
      0,
      4,
      14,
      8,
      3
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      6,
      2,
      5,
      10,
      2,
      3,
      1,
      1,
      5,
      16,
      9,
      3
    ],
    "share": [
      0.8333,
      null,
      0.8,
      0.7,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      0.8,
      0.875,
      0.8889,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.4365,
        0.9699
      ],
      null,
      [
        0.3755,
        0.9638
      ],
      [
        0.3968,
        0.8922
      ],
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      [
        0.3755,
        0.9638
      ],
      [
        0.6398,
        0.965
      ],
      [
        0.565,
        0.9801
      ],
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 11,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "seasonally dry tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 17.9,
      "median": 20.6,
      "p95": 24.5
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 237.6,
      "median": 596,
      "p95": 769.7
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 28.1,
      "median": 33.1,
      "p95": 35
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 3.2,
      "median": 8,
      "p95": 19.3
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 722.3,
      "median": 1215.3,
      "p95": 2284.8
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 17,
      "median": 29.9,
      "p95": 96.7
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 56.3,
      "median": 183.2,
      "p95": 273.6
    },
    "n": 1004,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1004 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/bothriochloa-bladhii/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}