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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/boehmeria-virgata/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "boehmeria-virgata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000567808",
    "inat_taxon_id": 426108
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Boehmeria virgata",
    "authorship": "(G.Forst.) Guill.",
    "genus": "Boehmeria",
    "epithet": "virgata",
    "family": "Urticaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 7: 182 (1837)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:850807-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria canescens",
        "authorship": "(Wedd.) Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria caudata",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria caudata",
        "authorship": "(Burm.f.) J.J.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria caudata var. celebica",
        "authorship": "(Blume) J.J.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria caudata var. pendula",
        "authorship": "J.J.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria caudata var. scabrella",
        "authorship": "J.J.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria celebica",
        "authorship": "(Blume) Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria cylindrica",
        "authorship": "Hb. ex Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria densiglomerata",
        "authorship": "W.T.Wang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria dolichostachya",
        "authorship": "W.T.Wang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria dolichostachya var. dolichostachya",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria dolichostachya var. mollis",
        "authorship": "(W.T.Wang) W.T.Wang & C.J.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria elliptica",
        "authorship": "Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria elongata",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria erythropoda",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria greviaefolia",
        "authorship": "C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria holosericea var. strigosa",
        "authorship": "W.T.Wang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria huegeliana",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria interrupta",
        "authorship": "Guill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Hornem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla subsp. canescens",
        "authorship": "(Wedd.) Panigrahi & Murti"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla var. canescens",
        "authorship": "(Wedd.) D.G.Long"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla var. dongtousensis",
        "authorship": "W.T.Wang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla var. longissima",
        "authorship": "(Hook.f.) V.S.Ramach. & V.J.Nair"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla var. macrophylla",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla var. macrostachya",
        "authorship": "(Wight) Pusalkar"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla var. minuticymosa",
        "authorship": "(Acharya, Friis & Wilmot-Dear) Pusalkar"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla var. rotundifolia",
        "authorship": "(D.Don) W.T.Wang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla var. scabrella",
        "authorship": "(Dalzell & A.Gibson) D.G.Long"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrophylla var. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Wedd.) D.G.Long"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria macrostachya",
        "authorship": "(Wight) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria massuriensis",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria mauritiana",
        "authorship": "Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria mauritiana var. luxurians",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria mauritiana var. molliuscula",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria microcarpa",
        "authorship": "Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla",
        "authorship": "D.Don"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla f. androgyna",
        "authorship": "Hochr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla f. foliosa",
        "authorship": "Hochr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla subvar. canescens",
        "authorship": "Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla subvar. elliptica",
        "authorship": "(Wedd.) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla subvar. sumatrana",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. angolensis",
        "authorship": "Rendle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. austroqueenslandica",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. canescens",
        "authorship": "(Wedd.) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. celebica",
        "authorship": "(Blume) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. longissima",
        "authorship": "Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. macrostachya",
        "authorship": "(Wight) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. marquesensis",
        "authorship": "F.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. microcarpa",
        "authorship": "(Wedd.) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. nigeriana",
        "authorship": "Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. oblonga",
        "authorship": "Peter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. rotundifolia",
        "authorship": "(D.Don) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. scabrella",
        "authorship": "(Dalzell & A.Gibson) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. sumatrana",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "(Wedd.) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. ugandensis",
        "authorship": "Rendle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria platyphylla var. virgata",
        "authorship": "(G.Forst.) Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria rotundifolia",
        "authorship": "D.Don"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria rugosissima",
        "authorship": "Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria scabrella",
        "authorship": "Gaudich. ex Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria strigosifolia",
        "authorship": "W.T.Wang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria strigosifolia var. mollis",
        "authorship": "W.T.Wang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria sumatrana",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria taitensis",
        "authorship": "Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria tomentosa",
        "authorship": "Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria urantha",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria virgata var. molliuscula",
        "authorship": "(Blume) Friis & Wilmot-Dear"
      },
      {
        "name": "Boehmeria wightiana",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Procris macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Reinw. ex Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ramium grewiiflorum",
        "authorship": "(C.Presl) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ramium macrophyllum",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Splitgerbera macrostachya",
        "authorship": "Wight"
      },
      {
        "name": "Splitgerbera scabrella",
        "authorship": "Dalzell & A.Gibson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don"
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica blanda",
        "authorship": "Wall. ex Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica caudata",
        "authorship": "Burm.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica caudata",
        "authorship": "Poir."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica celebica",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica cinerascens",
        "authorship": "Wall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica elongata",
        "authorship": "J.F.Gmel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica grandifolia",
        "authorship": "Thunb. ex Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica macrostachya",
        "authorship": "Wall. ex D.Don"
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica mollis",
        "authorship": "Reinw. ex Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica platyphylla",
        "authorship": "Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don"
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica pulcherrima",
        "authorship": "Wall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica rotundifolia",
        "authorship": "Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don"
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica rugosa",
        "authorship": "Reinw. ex Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica scabrella",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica tomentosa",
        "authorship": "Juss. ex Wedd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica uragera",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Urtica virgata",
        "authorship": "G.Forst."
      }
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        "name": "Burundi",
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        "name": "Central African Republic",
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        "name": "Comoros",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
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        "name": "Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
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        "name": "DR Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
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        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
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        "name": "Gabon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
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        "name": "Ghana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
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        "continent": "AFRICA",
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        "name": "Kenya",
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        "name": "Madagascar",
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        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOL",
        "name": "Solomon Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CRL",
        "name": "Caroline Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIJ",
        "name": "Fiji",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRN",
        "name": "Marianas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRQ",
        "name": "Marquesas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAM",
        "name": "Samoa",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCI",
        "name": "Society Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TON",
        "name": "Tonga",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUB",
        "name": "Tubuai Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 6,
    "n_annotated": 6,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub or tree",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": -5.5,
      "median": 0.7,
      "p95": 6.9
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 989.6,
      "median": 1272,
      "p95": 1606.9
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 15.5,
      "median": 23.5,
      "p95": 25.4
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -33.3,
      "median": -23.3,
      "p95": -12.2
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 336.5,
      "median": 600.9,
      "p95": 915.1
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 56.4,
      "median": 80.3,
      "p95": 109.6
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 10.4,
      "median": 35.5,
      "p95": 68.2
    },
    "n": 537,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 537 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": true
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 6 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/boehmeria-virgata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}